Abstract: A method of catalyzing in vitro reactions using seeds containing enhanced amounts of enzymes is disclosed. The method involves adding transgenic, non-wild type seeds, preferably in a ground form, to a reaction mixture, especially a bakery process and allowing the enzymes in the seeds to increase the rate of reaction. By directly adding the seeds to the reaction mixture the method provides a solution to the expensive and problematic process of extracting and purifying the enzyme. Methods of treatment are also provided whereby a subject lacking a sufficient supply of an enzyme is administered the enzyme in the form of seeds containing enhanced amounts of the enzyme.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of alcoholic beverages such as beer or whiskey with a mixture of enzymes comprising an endo-&bgr;(1,4)-xylanase, an arabinofuranosidase, an alpha-amylase, an endo-protease and a &bgr;-(1,3, 1,4)-glucanase, and optionally, a saccharifying amylase and/or an exopeptidase. Preferable are mixtures in which the enzymes which are necessary in the brewing process are provided by transgenic seeds. Only a minor amount of malt may be necessary for flavor and color.

Abstract: A microtitration unit being at least one container of transparent material for accommodating biological test reaction mixtures. The container is subdivided into at least two chambers suitable for accommodating different test reaction mixtures by at least one partition which extends from the inside of the bottom of the container and which is of lower height than the internal height of the container.

Abstract: Novel methods and novel industrial unicellular microorganism strains, particularly industrial Bacillus strains, are provided for enhanced production of endogenous and exogenous polypeptides. Cloning vehicles containing the gene expressing the polypeptide of interest are introduced into a compatible host. Transformed hosts harboring the introduced vehicle in a stable way by integration of the vehicle into the host cells chromosome are selected. Efficient transfer of the vehicle containing the gene of interest is achieved, with the resulting industrial strain transformants being effective, stable producers of the desired polypeptide product.

Abstract: The present invention provides for the expression of phytase in transgenic plants or plant organs and methods for the production of such plants. DNA expression constructs are provided for the transformation of plants with a gene encoding phytase under the control of regulatory sequences which are capable of directing the expression of phytase. These regulatory sequences include sequences capable of directing transcription in plants, either constitutively, or stage and/or tissue specific, depending on the use of the plant or parts thereof. The transgenic plants and plant organs provided by the present invention may be applied to a variety of industrial processes either directly, e.g. in animal feeds or alternatively, the expressed phytase may be extracted and if desired, purified before application.

Abstract: Introduction of futile cycles in the glycolytic pathway of yeast strains enables enhanced gas production and ethanol production under stress conditions, e.g. in a sugar-rich dough having a sugar content of higher than 3% weight percentage based on flour, e.g. 20%, or at high ethanol concentration in an industrial ethanol production process.

Abstract: The present invention discusses the use of pectinesterase to demethoxylate high-methoxylated pectins. The pectinesterase makes possible the preparation of food containing fruit or vegetables in a more efficient way. Specifically, fruit and vegetable jams, jellies, compotes and soups are prepared without or with greatly reduced sugar and pectin addition. The present invention also discusses a process for producing apple sauce comprising the use of pectinesterase.

Abstract: New mutant .beta.-lactam acylases are provided exhibiting altered substrate specificities. These .beta.-lactam acylases are obtained by expression of a gene encoding said .beta.-lactam acylase and having an amino acid sequence which differs at least in one amino acid from the wild-type .beta.-lactam acylase.

Abstract: Microbial strains capable of producing enhanced levels of sphingosine, dihydrosphingosine, phytosphingosine and/or derivatives thereof are disclosed. Additionally, there are disclosed methods based on mutagenesis, or other selection techniques, whereby such strains can be produced. As a preferred example thereof, mutant strains of Pichia are provided that are capable of producing about 50% more of such compounds than wild type strains.

Abstract: Novel methods and compositions are provided for the enhanced production of .beta.-lactam antibiotics. The process is exemplified by the production of penicillin. In addition, the P. chrysogenum and A. chrysogenum .delta.-(L-.alpha.-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine synthetase genes have been isolated and sequenced. Also methods are provided for the production of .delta.-(L-.alpha.-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine synthetase using recombined DNA techniques.

Abstract: The present invention provides the cloning and expression of purified and isolated DNA molecules, obtainable from fungi, which encode enzymes having arabinan-degrading activity. The present invention also provides DNA constructs containing these DNA molecules and methods for their enhanced expression in selected microbial host cells. The present invention further provides methods for the use of the thus-produced arabinan-degrading enzymes.

Abstract: A nucleotide sequence encoding phytase has been isolated and cloned. The coding sequence has been inserted into an expression construct which in turn has been inserted into a vector capable of transforming a microbial expression host. The transformed microbial hosts may be used to economically produce phytase on an industrial scale. The phytase produced via the present invention may be used in a variety of processes requiring the conversion of phytate to inositol and inorganic phosphate.

Abstract: Recombinantly produced serum albumin is purified in a series of steps, optionally by incubation with an anion-exchange adsorbent, followed by affinity chromatography employing a hydrophobic solid phase and using a water-soluble lipid anion as desorbens in the aqueous phase. This immobile phase comprises a carrier coupled to a 2-mercapto or 2-hydroxy alkanoic acid.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a transformed Phaffia strain. Also disclosed are specific vectors for transforming Phaffia, preferably such vectors contain expression regulating sequences obtained from Phaffia. The present invention also discloses the use of certain marker genes in Phaffia. The invention further discloses a method for transforming Phaffia.

Abstract: The exo-polygalacturonase gene from Aspergillus is identified, and the enzyme encoded thereby is expressed. Specifically, the exo-polygalacturonase gene from Aspergillus tubingensis is is cloned and expressed, and DNA sequences from other Aspergillus strains that specifically hybridize therewith are identified. Novel expression vectors that comprise an exo-polygalacturonase encoding sequence, and host cells transformed therewith, are also provided. The invention further relates to the production of recombinant exo-polygalacturonase, and to the use of this protein.

Abstract: Novel compositions that comprise solvates, salts, or other modified crystalline forms of polyene-type antifungal compounds are provided. Representative of such compositions are formulations that comprise the novel cystalline substances .delta.-natamycin and .gamma.-natamycin. Additionally, there are provided methods of preparing or storing such compositions, and also methods of use whereby an enhanced rate of release of antifungal compound, in a pharmaceutical or food products application is achieved.

Abstract: New diamine salts of clavulanic acid, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same, and a new process using these diamine salts in the preparation of clavulanic acid and salts and esters thereof have been provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to active derivatives of sphingoid bases. Specifically, the invention relates to retinoylamide based derivatives of sphingoid bases. The present invention describes a method for obtaining these compounds. The invention also relates to the use of these compounds in cosmetic compositions.

Abstract: New diamine salts of clavulanic acid, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same, and a new process using these diamine salts in the preparation of clavulanic acid and salts and esters thereof have been provided.

Abstract: Methods for long-term preservation of food products using a lactoperoxidase system. Long-term preservation is achieved by controlled generation of hydrogen peroxide as a substrate for the lactoperoxidase system. Controlled production of hydrogen peroxide is achieved by generating the hydrogen peroxide enzymatically form a system wherein the substrate for the enzyme generating the hydrogen peroxide is immobilized or is generated in situ from a precursor.