Abstract: An apparatus designed to separate mixtures of materials by use of a stack of spaced membrane elements (11) in the form of membrane cells having bore (112) through which the permeate (130) is discharged. The device (10) includes a feed inlet (14) for the mixture plus discharge outlets (16) for the retentate (17) and permeate (13), and the mixture flowing over the surfaces (110, 11, 180, 181) of the membrane elements (11) in chambers (150) between element (18). Fitted between each pair of membrane elements (11) or between the membrane (11) and deflection (18) elements is an annular support element (19) which surrounds the bore (112) through the membrane element (11) or deflection element (18), the seal between the support element (19) and the membrane (11) or deflection (18) element being formed by a sealing element (191) fitted round the outer circumference (190) of the support element (19).

Abstract: An electric welding device using welding or filler material supplied to a welding site located in a wet environment. The device provides for the supply of the welding material to the welding site in a water-free environment that extends up to the welding site.

Abstract: A membrane comprised of a graft copolymer includes a base component and a copolymer component. The base component includes a first polymer with a repeating unit: ##STR1## wherein m=0.1-0.9, n=0.9-0.1, p=0.03-0.04, R.sub.1 can be a linear, branched or cyclic C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 hydrocarbon radical, R.sub.2 can be a linear, branched or cyclic C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 hydrocarbon radical, and at least one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is a linear or branched hydrocarbon radical with a terminal C.dbd.C double bond. The base component can include a second polymer with C.dbd.C double bonds located in the main chain and/or a side chain. The second polymer has a repeating unit: ##STR2## wherein m=n; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are identical or different; and 10 to 100% of R.sup.1 and/or R.sup.2 have a C.dbd.C double bond.

Abstract: In a method for separating a gas mixture above a liquid a separating device with a gas separation membrane having retentate side and a permeate side is employed. A vacuum at the retentate side of the gas separation membrane and a vacuum at the permeate side of the gas separation membrane are provided. The gas mixture, resulting from transferring a liquid from one storage container to another container upon contact with the surroundings, is fed to the retentate side of the gas separation membrane by the vacuum present at the retentate side and the permeate side. The flow volume per time unit of the gas mixture fed to the separating device is greater than a flow volume per time unit of the liquid being transferred. On the retentate side of the gas separation membrane a gas-diminished retentate is generated and on the permeate side of the gas separation membrane a gas-enriched permeate is produced.

Abstract: A multiphase, high-temperature material contains an intermetallic base alloy of the Ti.sub.3 Al type, which is intended especially for use in heat engines such as internal combustion engines, gas turbines and aircraft engines. The material contains from 44 to 73 atom % titanium, from 19 to 35 atom % aluminum, from 2 to 6 atom % silicon, and from 5 to 15 atom % niobium. The desired microstructure is attained by heat treating the alloy at between 800.degree. and 1100.degree. C.

Abstract: The auxiliary or working liquid is cleaned by being urged through a pervaporation membrane module (3), then the permeate stream from the membrane module is led through a condenser (4), where the impurities concentrated in the permeate stream precipitate. The stream of retentate and the stream of permeate from the membrane module are then fed back to a compressor (1). The differential pressure of the compressor belonging to the compressor system is used to operate this circuit.

Abstract: A conductive surface layer, for example to form an electrode. For piezoelectric, pyroelectric, and ferroelectric components, as well as for piezoceramic components, the layer is formed of at least one electrically conductive hard product of at least one of the metals of at least the groups III to VIII of the periodic table of the elements.

Abstract: A membrane for the separation of liquid mixtures by pervaporation has two surfaces, a first one representing a feed side and a second one representing a permeate side. The membrane is comprised of a swellable elastomeric polymer material and a reinforcing support embedded essentially parallel to the membrane surfaces in the polymer material. The reinforcing support is a woven mesh arranged asymmetrically so that the reinforcing support is adjacent to the permeate side.

Abstract: A method of separating and recovering components of a mixture having a gap in the range of miscibility and having organic compounds and water in a pervaporization process with the aid of membranes. The mixture is first separated into an organically loaded water phase and a water-saturated organic phase. Subsequently, the organically loaded water phase and the water-saturated organic phase are separately subjected to parallel, different pervaporization processes, resulting in retentates as water on the one hand and organic liquid on the other hand. The permeates that result during the pervaporization processes are subsequently returned to the mixture that is to be separated.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing a water/abrasive mixture for cutting and cleaning objects and for the precise removal of material. In a mixing chamber, an abrasive is introduced into a jet of water that is under high pressure and passes through the mixing chamber from an inlet to an outlet thereof. The abrasive is conveyed directly and precisely into the water jet in the mixing chamber along the shortest path.

Abstract: A method of separating and recovering components of a mixture having a gap in the range of miscibility and including organic compounds and water in a pervaporization process with the aid of membranes. The mixture is first separated into an organically loaded water phase and a water-saturated organic phase. Subsequently, the organically loaded water phase and the water-saturated organic phase are separately subjected to parallel, different pervaporization processes, resulting in retentates as water on the one hand and organic liquid on the other hand. The permeates that result during the pervaporization processes are subsequently returned to the mixture that is to be separated.

Abstract: An apparatus for separating fluid mixtures by membrane elements, which are spaced and arranged into a membrane element stack via a supporting frame that comprises outer and inner rings, whereby the membrane elements have a boring for draining a permeating substance. The boring has an inlet port for introducing the mixture into the apparatus and an outer port for the retained substance as well as the permeating substance. In mixture compartments, formed by the membrane elements between said inner and outer rings, the mixture to be separated flows past areas of the membrane elements, having a constant effectiveness, whereby the flow cross-sections of the mixture compartments vary from the introduction port to the exit port of the membrane stack. All inner and outer rings of the membrane element stack have identical dimensions, and the differing cross-sections in the mixture compartments are adjustable at least by varying the width of the membrane elements.

Abstract: A method of reestablishing the deformability or malleability of embrittled amorphous alloys such as Fe.sub.40 Ni.sub.40 P.sub.20 or Fe.sub.20 Ni.sub.40 B.sub.20 or Cu.sub.64 Ti.sub.36. An alloy is first subjected to a first temperature for a specific first time interval. Subsequently, the alloy is subjected in a sudden manner to a second temperature for a specific second time interval. The effecting of change of the temperature of the alloy from the first temperature to the second temperature occurs at a rate of 100.degree. K./min. The first temperature is greater than the second temperature with the first temperature being in a temperature range between an embrittlement temperature and a crystallization temperature of the alloy.

Abstract: A method for producing an improved membrane for separating gases in mixtures including forming an integral, asymmetric polyether imide membrane, treating the membrane with at least one organic fluid which is a solvent or swelling agent for polyether imide, and removing the organic fluid from the membrane by evaporation to obtain a tubular, flat or hollow fiber membrane exhibiting significantly higher selectivity than an untreated membrane.

Abstract: An apparatus for filtering and separating flow medium by reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, and microfiltration. A plurality of essentially sheet-like filter elements are disposed next to, and spaced from, one another so a to form flow chambers for the flow medium. Filtrate that is produced is withdrawn at the end face of at least one hole formed in a filter element and disposed at essentially right angles to the planar surface thereof. A plurality of sheet-like, self-supporting filter element carriers that are successively arranged have disposed essentially laminarly thereon the filter elements, with the filter element carriers being spaced from one another at such a distance that there is formed between each two facing filter elements one of the flow chambers. Disposed in each flow chamber, between two facing filter elements, is a disk that imparts turbulence to flow medium in the flow chamber.

Abstract: A method of removing organic compounds from an air/permanent gas mixture. This mixture, as untreated medium, is conveyed to a first gas separation membrane and is divided into a filtrate gas stream that is concentrated with organic compounds and a retained gas stream that is depleted of organic compounds. The concentrated filtrate is conveyed to a recovery device for the recovery of organic compounds therefrom. The pressure of the air/permanent gas mixture is raised prior to entry thereof into the first gas separation membrane. The pressure of the concentrated filtrate is reduced after exit thereof from the first gas separation membrane. The depleted gas stream is discharged into the atmosphere, and the gas stream that exits the recovery device is returned to the air/permanent gas mixture at some point subsequent to the pressure increase thereof.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the detection of hydrocarbons dissolved in bodies of water and for the determination of their concentration in the water wherein a water sample is introduced into a sealed system in which the hydrocarbons are driven out of solution into a gas phase by heating the sample or exposing it to low pressure, or both, a laser beam of a wavelength or a frequency which provides for at least partial overlapping with the absorption lines of the hydrocarbons is directed through the gaseous phase, a correction laser beam of a wavelength such that it is not subjected to absorption by hydrocarbons is also directed through the gaseous phase to determine the influence of gases other than hydrocarbons and the amount of hydrocarbons in the water iscalculated from the amount of light energy absorbed in the gas phase by any hydrocarbons therein and a correction as determined by the correction laser beam.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an integral asymmetrical membrane for the separation of liquid or gaseous mixtures. A membrane-forming agent in the form of a polyetherimide is mixed with a solvent that is miscible with water. The resulting mixture is introduced into or accommodated in a geometrical form. The form is then brought into contact with a precipitating agent.

Abstract: A method of producing intermetallic phases from powdery ductile components that are mixed in a predetermined mixture ratio and are subsequently precompacted by cold pressing. Subsequently, the precompacted components are pressed, via compaction, to such an extent that the degree of deformation is greater than 80%; thereafter, the thus-produced material is thermally treated.

Abstract: An adapter element that allows machine elements to be accommodated in a centered manner with zero play, with these machine elements having different thermal expansions over broad temperature ranges. The adapter element has a sleeve-like portion that has tongue-like regions defined therefrom. Flattened or planar regions are provided on the inner and/or outer surface of the sleeve-like portion, with these planar regions at least partially overlapping the tongue-like regions.