Abstract: An abduction pillow to prevent early hip dislocation following hip arthroplasty or endoprosthetic hemiarthroplasty without attendant problems of heel pressure sores, stretch injuries to soft tissues and difficulties with elimination and perineal care is provided by forming the abduction pillow with two principal sections mounted on a base pad to which a patient's lower extremities can be secured by means of strap with a cephalad rhomboid-shaped section positioned upwardly between the patient's thighs and a lower, similarly shaped, but larger caudad section position between lower portions of the patients legs and with the patient's heels elevated, free from pressure with the base pad. With the main body portion of the pillow formed as separate sections, their line of demarcation can be positioned approximately at the patient's knees and above the break point of a conventional hospital bed to permit flexion of the patient's lower extremities and reduced tension on associated soft tissues.