Abstract: Taylor Vortex Flow galvanic electrochemical cells (100, 300, 500) such as batteries, flow cells and fuel cells for converting chemical energy into electrical energy and comprising a cylindrical spinning particulate filter (140, 230) between static cylindrical current collectors (106, 108) for use with electrolytes containing galvanic charge transfer particles (200, 242, 380, 420) functioning as numerous miniature electrodes and means for pumping electrolyte through the filter to produce accelerated reaction electrochemistry for higher cell power density are disclosed.

Abstract: Taylor Vortex Flow fuel cells (102) for converting chemical energy into electrical energy and comprising a cylindrical rotating particulate filter (120) between cylindrical current collectors (106, 108) for use with electrolytes containing charged galvanic material particles that flow between the cylindrical current collectors (106, 108) and the filter (120) are disclosed.

Abstract: Galvanic electrochemical cells (100, 300, 700, 900) for converting chemical energy into electrical energy, such as batteries, flow cells and fuel cells with a cylindrical rotating filter (120X, 326, 726, 910) having ion-porous (120P, 326P, 726P, 910P) and ion-non-porous filter (120N, 326N, 726N, 910N) for use with both thixotropic and non-conducting electrolytes that generates fluid flows in electrolytes between static cylindrical current collector segments (106, 304X, 306X, 710X, 902X; 108, 314X, 316X, 712X, 906) and the filter (120, 326, 726, 910) are disclosed that generate electric currents varying in amplitude that can be converted into alternating current electricity.

Abstract: A cross-flow electrochemical cell for producing electricity is disclosed that incorporates means for cross-flow pumping of electrolyte through both anode and cathode electrodes in the same direction to achieve markedly higher discharging and charging currents. Cross-flow pumping enabling use of thick mesh electrodes comprising scaffolds impregnated with high-surface-area metal nanoparticles and having high porosity are also taught.

Abstract: Electrochemical cells (10), such as fuel cells (12) and fuel reformers (14), with rotating elements or electrodes (34, 24) that generate Taylor Vortex Flows (28, 50) and Circular Couette Flows (58) in fluids such as electrolytes and fuels are disclosed.

Abstract: Direct reaction fuel cells (10) with cross-flow of an electrolyte mixture through thick, porous electrodes (12, 18) that contain a mixture of catalyst particles and that rotate to generate Taylor Vortex Flows (54) and Circular Couette Flows (56) in electrolyte chambers (24) are disclosed.

Abstract: Electrochemical cells (10), such as fuel cells (12) and fuel reformers (14), with rotating elements or electrodes (34, 24) that generate Taylor Vortex Flows (28, 50) and Circular Couette Flows (58) in fluids such as electrolytes and fuels are disclosed.

Abstract: Direct reaction fuel cells (10) and fuel cell batteries (200) with rotating electrodes (18) that generate Taylor Vortex Flows (54) and Circular Couette Flows (56) in electrolyte chambers (24) are disclosed.

Abstract: Dynamic accelerated reaction batteries (10, 100, 200) with rotating electrodes (14x, 20x, 104x, 106x,) or rotating membranes (208) or fuel cells (412C, 412D) that generate Taylor Vortex Flows (54, 122, 228, 454) and Circular Couette Flows (56, 124, 230) in electrolyte chambers (38x, 126x, 206, 438x) are disclosed.