Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and a receiver (135) for determining the status of a real-time transfer protocol (RTP) packet stream. The method includes the steps of determining (220) a time period elapsed since reception of the last RTP packet, determining (250) the content of the last received RTP packet and categorizing the status of the RTP packet stream based on the elapsed time period and the content of the last received RTP packet. The present invention is preferably implemented in a processor or processing means (180) of the receiver and is advantageous in that the risk of false detection of dead RTP packet streams is reduced.

Abstract: In a method for determining the status of a real-time transfer protocol (RTP) packet stream, several steps are performed. A time period elapsed since reception of the last RTP packet is determined, the content of the last received RTP packet is determined, and the status of the RTP packet stream based on the elapsed time period and the content of the last received RTP packet is categorized. The method is advantageous in that the risk of false detection of dead RTP packet streams is reduced.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method, device and computer-program product for suppression of undesired temporal variations, notably flicker, in a sequence of video frames. Histogram-based and similar approaches generally do not remove all flicker. Features that are resolved only in portions of the flicker cycle will manifest themselves as residual flicker. This effect is near-universal in bright regions of a scene. The inventive solution is a mapping that aims to resolve in the output only those features that are resolved in all frames of the flicker cycle. Use of time-maximal quantile values may preserve non-resolution of such image features that are unresolved due to intermittent bright saturation. Thus, in one embodiment, a reduction of resolution is attained by means of a pixel-value mapping based on selecting, over a time window, maximal and minimal quantile values, with maximal values being used for bright spatial regions and minimal values for dark spatial regions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to improvements of predictive encoding/decoding operations performed on a signal which is transmitted over a packet switched network. The signal is encoded on a block by block basis in such way that a block A-B is predictive encoded independently of any preceding blocks. A start state (715) located somewhere between the end boundaries A and B of the block is encoded using any applicable coding method. Both block parts surrounding the start state is then predictive encoded based on the start state and in opposite directions with respect to each other, thereby resulting in a full encoded representation (745) of the block A-B. At the decoding end, corresponding decoding operations are performed.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to encoding and decoding of digital data, and in particular to lossless arithmetic encoding and decoding of digital data representing audio, image or video data. A probability density function used for lossless arithmetic encoding of digital data is controlled by employing one or more parameters that changes over the set of data to be encoded. A parametric model in the form of an envelope function describes the spread of quantization indices derived from the data in a transform domain. By transmitting the one or more parameters together with the arithmetically encoded data, a receiving decoder may decode the data by exploiting the same parametric model as used by the encoder.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a receiver having control logic means for determining a target packet level of a jitter buffer adapted to receive packets with digitized signal samples, which packets are subject to delay jitter, from a packet data network. According to the invention, the jitter buffer is made adaptive to current network conditions, i.e., the nature and magnitude of the jitter observed by the receiver, by collecting statistical measures that describe these conditions. The target buffer level is determined with regard to the effect of packet losses in terms of duration of the discontinued playback of the true signal. This effect is derived from statistical measures of the network conditions as perceived by the receiving side and as reflected by a probability mass function which is continuously updated with packet inter-arrival times. The target buffer level is the result of minimization of a cost function which weights the internal buffer delay and an expected length of buffer underflow.

Abstract: A system for transmitting data packets representing a source signal across a packet data network is provided. The encoder comprises a first encoder (110) and a redundancy encoder (120). The redundancy encoding is generated with a bit rate continuously scalable, the bit rate being provided by a bit rate controller (142) that uses input from the network (130) and packet-loss rate information. At the decoder, recovery is performed by a parameter estimator based in part on information transmitted from the first encoder using information from previous and/or future blocks and in addition on redundant information. The method may be added to existing lossy source coding systems or may be used to enhance the quality of the reconstructed source signal even in scenarios without packet loss.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for selecting input video signals in a video conference for transmission. The method bases its selection decision on the momentary voice activity of the participants, but does so while observing constraints aimed at: improving stability of the image seen by each participant; decreasing flickering of the image; choosing comfortable and helpful swapping times between different image configurations; and reflecting the importance which is attributed to persons having a higher past average activity in a natural conference. In one embodiment of the invention, the set of constraints includes an override, by which one or more participants can be selected irrespectively of the selection decision. In accordance with a second aspect of the invention, there is provided video selector hardware comprising units to perform the steps of the method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the decoding/playback part of received sound data packets in systems for transmission of sound over packet switched networks. According to the invention, the lengths of received signal frames are manipulated by performing time expansion or time compression of one or more signal frames at time varying intervals and with time varying lengths of the expansion or the compression, said intervals and said lengths being determined so as to maintain a continuous flow of signal samples to be played back.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a receiver having control logic means for determining a target packet level of a jitter buffer adapted to receive packets with digitized signal samples, which packets are subject to delay jitter, from a packet data network. According to the invention, the jitter buffer is made adaptive to current network conditions, i.e., the nature and magnitude of the jitter observed by the receiver, by collecting statistical measures that describe these conditions. The target buffer level is determined with regard to the effect of packet losses in terms of duration of the discontinued playback of the true signal. This effect is derived from statistical measures of the network conditions as perceived by the receiving side and as reflected by a probability mass function which is continuously updated with packet inter-arrival times. The target buffer level is the result of minimization of a cost function which weights the internal buffer delay and an expected length of buffer underflow.

Abstract: According to the invention, a method for processing an audio media stream that originates from a packet communication network is disclosed. In one step, packets are received as they arrive from the packet communication network. The packets are part of the audio media stream. A playout buffer in a media playout device is monitored. It is determined that the playout buffer is filled below a threshold. A portion of the audio media stream is retrieved when the playout buffer is filled below the threshold. The portion is stored in the playout buffer of the media playout device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cancellation of echoes in telecommunications systems, more specifically it relates to adaptive alignment of a linear filter (500) used for echo cancellation. According to the invention, it is continuously determined, by means of control logic (520), if a reflection replica delay included in an echo replica signal (110), which delay is provided by a signal buffer (510), should be attempted to be increased or not. Similarly, it is continuously determined if the reflection replica delay should be attempted to be decreased or not. In this way it is possible to provide a delay of the reflection replica which corresponds to the pure delay of a corresponding reflection included in an echo signal (120) received over an echo path. The invention is advantageous since the filter (500) will continuously and quickly adapt to changes in the echo path delay by continuously increasing or decreasing, in an incremental and smooth manner, a present replica delay.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the decoding-/playback part of received sound data packets in systems for transmission of sound over packet switched networks. According to the invention, the lengths of received signal frames are manipulated by performing time expansion or time compression of one or more signal frames at time varying intervals and with time varying lengths of the expansion or the compression, said intervals and said lengths being determined so as to maintain a continuous flow of signal samples to be played back.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for mixing audio signals. The invention is based on the idea to base selection of what audio channels to mix on the dynamic behaviour of the audio channels in terms of whether they are active or not, rather than basing the selection on quantative measures of the audio channels. According to the invention, a set of audio channels are arranged in a mixing stack and a mixed audio signal is produced from the topmost channels above a predetermined threshold level in the stack. Whenever a channel becomes active, it is placed at the top of the stack.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the decoding/playback part of received sound data packets in systems for transmission of sound over packet switched networks. According to the invention, the lengths of received signal frames are manipulated by performing time expansion or time compression of one or more signal frames at time varying intervals and with time varying lengths of the expansion or the compression, said intervals and said lengths being determined so as to maintain a continuous flow of signal samples to be played back.