Abstract: A vehicle, navigation system of the vehicle, and method for observing an environment of the vehicle. The navigation system includes a sensor and a processor. The sensor obtains a detection from an object located in an environment of the vehicle at a with-detection direction with respect to the sensor that includes the detection. The processor determines a no-detection direction that does not include the detection, assigns an empty space likelihood to an occupancy grid of the sensor along the no-detection direction, and generates a map of the environment using the occupancy grid.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a softened solid-state electrolyte, comprises an oxide-based solid-state electrolyte, where at least a portion of the oxide anions in the oxide-based solid-state electrolyte is replaced with a replacement anion. In another embodiment, a softened solid-state electrolyte comprises a sulfide-based solid-state electrolyte, wherein at least a portion of the sulfide anions in the sulfide-based solid-state electrolyte is replaced with the replacement anion. When the replacement anion replaces the oxide anion, the replacement anion has a larger atomic radius than the oxide anion and when the replacement anion replaces the sulfide anion, the replacement anion has a larger atomic radius than the sulfide anion.

Abstract: A negative electroactive material for use in a negative electrode of an electrochemical cell that cycles lithium ions is provided. The negative electroactive material includes a particle defining a core region that includes silicon, silicon-containing alloys, tin-containing alloys, and combinations thereof. A porous, elastomeric multilayer coating is disposed on a surface of the core region that includes a first carbonaceous layer and a second porous elastomeric layer. The second porous elastomeric layer includes siloxane and a plurality of electrically conductive particles. The multilayer coating is capable of reversibly elongating from a contracted state to an expanded state in at least one direction to minimize or prevent fracturing of the plurality of negative electroactive material particles during lithium ion cycling.

Abstract: A method for identifying and mapping a maximum instantaneous stall torque capability of a fuel cell cathode valve includes: maintaining a temperature of an electric motor at a predetermined temperature, wherein the predetermined temperature is equal to or less than a freezing point of water (0° C.), and the electric motor includes motor brushes, commutator poles, a stator, a rotor rotatable with respect to the stator, and a shaft coupled to the rotor; locking the shaft of the electric motor such that the shaft is incapable of rotating, thereby fixing the shaft at a locked position; mounting the shaft of the electric motor to a dynamometer; supplying electrical energy to the electric motor; monitoring an instantaneous stall torque of the electric motor; and monitoring a rotor electrical resistance.

Abstract: A method for performing a data validity assessment for a brake pad wear estimation includes providing an electric park brake assembly including a motor and a battery management sensor, receiving motor current data from the motor of the electric park brake assembly, receiving battery current data from the battery management sensor, determining a margin of current from the motor current data and the battery current data, receiving historical motor position data and instant motor position data of the motor, calculating the brake pad wear estimation using the motor current data, comparing the historical motor position data and the instant motor position data against an expected range of motor positions, determining an electromagnetic interference level from the margin of current, the historical and instant motor position data, and the calculated brake pad wear estimation, and discarding the motor current data when the electromagnetic interference level is above a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: A magnet and a method of forming the magnet are provided. The method includes forming a slurry comprising magnetic powder material and binder material and creating raw layers from the slurry. A magnetic field is applied to the raw layers to orient the magnetic powder material in a desired direction, and each layer is cured to form another layer on the most recent cured layer. The layers are attached together.

Abstract: Systems and methods to perform traffic signal management for operation of autonomous vehicles involve obtaining vehicle data from two or more vehicles at an intersection with one or more traffic lights. The vehicle data includes vehicle location, vehicle speed, and image information or images. A method includes determining at least one of three types of information about the one or more traffic lights based on the vehicle data. The three types of information include a location of the one or more traffic lights, a signal phase and timing (SPaT) of the one or more traffic lights, and a lane correspondence of the one or more traffic lights. The method also includes providing the at least one of the three types of information about the one or more traffic lights for the operation of autonomous vehicles.

Abstract: A method for beamform management in vehicular communications includes, within a computerized processor, determining a planned route for a vehicle, identifying a plurality of candidate cellular towers with which the vehicle may communicate along the planned route, and determining signal strengths of each of the towers at locations along the route. The method further includes determining a communication plan including identifying locations of each of the towers and segmenting the planned route into portions based upon the determined signal strengths. One of the towers is assigned to communicate with the vehicle for each of the portions based upon the signal strengths. The method further includes utilizing the communication plan to change communication between the vehicle and the towers as the vehicle traverses the route by directing a primary lobe of an antenna beam toward each of the candidate cellular towers in turn according to the communication plan.