Abstract: A security service layer and method for controlling a communication between a client running an application and a target wherein a message including parameters specifying the communication is analyzed and, based on the analyzing result, at least one service routine is selected from a number of available service routines. The communication is then controlled on the basis of the selected service routines. The client and the application running at the client may be security unaware since all security relevant functions are executed on behalf of the application by the service security layer. Application dependent service routines are selected dynamically during the communication between the client and the target. A service routine may include security mechanisms or support mechanisms, such as data handling.

Abstract: A method of eliminating unwanted steps at edges in image or graphic representations in the line raster, in particular in on-line operation having the steps: a) Application of an edge operator to an image portion for coarsely ascertaining at least one rastered edge configuration, b) Determining the position of at least a first pixel from the amount of those pixels which form the rastered edge configuration or adjoin said rastered edge configuration, c) Approximation of a straight line for ascertaining a probable configuration of the unrastered image edge in the proximity of the first pixel, d) Ascertaining a criterion from the approximation straight line and the position of the first pixel for mixing a color X to the color C in the first pixel considered, and e) Mixing the ascertained color X to the color C in the first pixel considered.

Abstract: A camera tracking system for a virtual television or video studio is provided. The camera tracking system is used to determine the position and/or orientation of recording cameras and comprises emitter devices for emitting electromagnetic radiation. The emitter devices can be mechanically coupled to the recording camera. The camera tracking system further comprises detecting devices for detecting the position of the emitter devices on the basis of the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the emitter devices, each detecting device being able to detect several emitter devices. A computer unit evaluates the electromagnetic radiation detected by the detecting devices and emitted by the emitter device, and determines the position and/or orientation of the emitter devices in relation to the detecting devices.

Abstract: Texture-based volume rendering is a technique to efficiently visualize volumetric data using texture mapping hardware. A method is presented that extends this approach to render shadows for the volume. Although the method does not perform lighting calculations, the resulting image has a shaded appearance. As calculating the shadows is independent of the visualization process, the method can be applied to any form of volume visualization.

Abstract: An autonomous navigating system with obstacle recognition or a method for handling obstacles for an autonomous navigating comprises a sensor having a contact element prestressed in the direction of movement and movable against the prestressed force and a detector measuring the change in position of the contact element, and an evaluating device connected with the sensor which causes the system to stop when the sensor signal is greater or equal to a limit value (UG), and which causes the system to stop, move around the obstacle or move on and thereby displace the obstacle, when the sensor signal is lower than the limit value (UG).

Abstract: In an apparatus and method for representing computer-modeled objects comprising a plurality of adjacent polygon surfaces, the image impression in the corner points of the polygon surfaces is calculated according to a local illumination model, whereas the image impression of the remaining pixels is interpolated according to the Gouraud shading method, and a color or brightness value is additionally calculated for simulating a surface structure for each pixel, the value taking into consideration the influence of the surface structure on the image impression without necessitating a complicated calculation of the local illumination model in each pixel.

Abstract: In an imaging method and apparatus for displaying computer-modeled objects present in the form of a grid model, in which the objects are defined by the coordinates of the node points of the grid model and the optical properties of the polygon surfaces between the node points, and the individual polygon surfaces are divided into a plurality of scanlines and pixels. The image impression is calculated in only a portion of the pixels according to a local illumination model, or a portion of a local illumination model, and is interpolated in the remaining pixels from the previously-calculated image-information values for reducing the calculation effort.

Abstract: The method is for detecting a selectable number of groups of objects having at least one selectable characteristic from a population of objects specifiable by a plurality of attributes. The objects of the population are subdivided into object groups of a first order, on the basis of respectively at least one attribute. The quality of each object group of this order is detected, on the basis of the total number of its objects and the number of its objects having said at least one characteristic. Each object group of this order is included into the number of object groups to be detected, if the object group has a quality higher than the lowest quality of the object group among the object groups detected up to this point. A hypothetical quality is detected on the basis exclusively of those objects of this object group which have at least one of the characteristics.

Abstract: The invention concerns an image-processing method and system for the simulation of structure in relief in image of objects having at least one polygonal surface. The polygonal surface is divided up into a large number of raster elements, and for each raster element, an inclination value determining the inclination of the local surface normal is read out of relief-structure matrix. From the inclination value and either the normal to the polygonal surface or the local normal to the surface, the inclined local normal is calculated and the brightness and/or color of each raster element calculated as a function of the direction of view of the observer, the illumination conditions and the angle of the inclined local normal.

Abstract: The autonomous mobile robot system is provided with a sensor-based and map-based navigation system for navigating in a pipe network. The navigation is based on the classification of pre-existing natural landmarks. The navigation system can compensate for inaccurate robot system's motion control, sensor information, and landmark classification.

Abstract: In an image-processing method and apparatus for displaying computer-modeled objects that are present in the form of a grid model and are simulated by a plurality of adjacent polygon surfaces, the individual polygon surfaces are divided into pixels and the image impression of each pixel is calculated, on the one hand, corresponding to Phong's illumination model and, on the other hand, by suitable addressing of storage matrices (8, 9) that represent the image impression of the environment, so both a natural-looking shading and the consideration of reflections of the environment in the objects are possible; the environment reflections can be modulated from perfect mirroring of the environment to a complete lack of mirroring.

Abstract: An image processing method and apparatus is provided for displaying objects composed of at least one polygonal surface. The spatial position of the planar normal (n.sub.x, n.sub.y, n.sub.z) is determined for each object. The image perception of the polygonal plane seen by a viewer is calculated from the planar normal and from a predetermined virtual viewer location by providing a storage matrix that reproduces a cubical enveloping surface surrounding the respective object, and displays an all-around picture from the perspective of the object that is assigned to each object for taking into account the reflections of the environment and other objects within the framework of the local illumination model.

Abstract: In a virtually addressed and physically indexed cache memory, the allocation of a color of a cache entry can be changed for a color allocation of the virtual and physical pages by assigning a color information to each cache entry, by which a second cache address operation is executed after an unsuccessful first cache address operation. Should there still be no cache hit, another cache addressing is attempted by means of a color correction, i.e. an indexing of the cache memory using, among others, the physical color. Should this cache address operation also fail to produce a cache hit, there is a cache miss.

Abstract: The analog fuzzy logic controller includes a fuzzification circuit by which the position and the shape of the membership functions associated with the linguistic input variables may be adjusted in an analog manner from outside. The output signals corresponding to the fuzzy values of the fuzzification circuit are supplied to an inference circuit. The output of the inference circuit is provided with a plurality of analog multiplex circuits with which the association of a degree of membership of a fuzzy rule to one or a plurality of linguistic output variables may be influenced. The defuzzification circuit of the fuzzy controller, which receives the output signals from the inference circuit, then calculates the output signals of the fuzzy controller according to the center of gravity method.