Abstract: Portland cement raw material components completely calcined before being sintered in a rotary kiln by blending clay and limestone to high and low calcium blends and feeding each blend through separate vertical calciners into which heat is directed from above in counter-current to an updraught of air.
Abstract: Cement raw materials are precalcined prior to being sintered in a rotary kiln by feeding the materials in pelletised form downwardly through a gas or oil fired calciner in countercurrent to the flue gases drawn from the rotary kiln.