Abstract: A system and a method useful in the formation of electrodes for use in electrochemical cells are disclosed. The system includes a pair of conductive end electrodes spaced apart from one another and situated in an aqueous electrolyte. A pair of precursor electrodes are placed in the electrolyte, between the end electrodes. Each of these precursor electrodes comprise a material to be selectively reduced or oxidized disposed on a conductive substrate. The precursor electrodes are in a configuration substantially precluding contact between the electrolyte and the substrates thereof. The end electrodes and the precursor electrodes are in electrical contact with a power supply to effect a current flow in the electrolyte thereby reducing or oxidizing the material of the precursor electrodes. Restraining forces are applied to the precursor electrodes to substantially maintain the dimensions thereof during the electrode charging process.

Abstract: A solid state relay is responsive to a control signal and is used with an impedance load and a source of alternating electrical power. The solid state relay is used to connect and disconnect the load from the source of alternating electrical power. The solid state relay turns on in response to a control signal and to a substantially zero voltage crossing of the alternating electrical power of the source. The solid state relay turns off in response to the control signal and to a substantially zero current crossing of the alternating electrical power of the source.

Abstract: A quad-state input signal decoder 100 that decodes conventional three-state signals plus a fourth state in which the input signal 40 is at the frequency of, and synchronized with, a decode clock signal 35 in the decoder. Compared to three-state techniques, this invention achieves a one-third increase in the number of exclusively-active signals that can be communicated through a single line such as a I/O pin 41 of an integrated circuit 110.

Abstract: A power generation system utilizing an electrochemical cell comprising a reactive metal anode, a cathode spaced from the anode, and an electrolyte comprising an aqueous solution of the hydroxide of the reactive metal is disclosed. Carbon is oxidized to form carbon dioxide which in turn is contacted with the electrolyte of the electrochemical cell to form a carbonate reaction product of the metal hydroxide and the carbon dioxide. The carbonate reaction product is separated from the electrolyte and the electrolyte is recirculated to the electrochemical cell. The carbon may be oxidized in a manner so as to generate useful power.

Abstract: An anode breakthrough coating at the interface of a consumable anode and an electrically conductive metallic substrate of an electrode assembly is useful in minimizing harmful side effects, such as reduced voltage and cell efficiency and generation of heat and hydrogen gas, such as are experienced with prior electrochemical cells near the end of discharge.The coating may take the form of a perforated electrically insulating layer on the substrate, a layer of material having a high hydrogen overvoltage relative to the metallic substrate bonded to the substrate, an insulating film formed on the portions of the substrate when exposed to the aqueous electrolyte, or a deposited electrolyte solution additive on the exposed substrate surface.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel method and apparatus which can provide continuous monitoring of the oxygen content of a gas over an indefinite period of time and at a minimal cost.In the novel apparatus of the present invention, a light source and a light sensitive detector are disposed within the atmosphere to be measured, and a polymeric film formed from a manganese tertiary phosphine polymer complex is deposited between the light source and the detector. As oxygen pressure increases or decreases a change in color intensity of the film takes place which controls passage of light from the light source to the detector. The detector in turn is suitably connected to an audio and/or visual warning device and/or a recorder which will provide the desired form of warning.

Abstract: A method of improving performance in an electrochemical cell having a consumable metal anode defining an anode face and a cathode spaced from the anode face and defining an electrolyte flow channel therebetween whereby an aqueous alkaline electrolyte flows through a system of flow baffles disposed in the electrolyte flow channel of the cell. The flow baffles define an electrolyte flow path having a directional vector component perpendicular to a sufficient component of a flow vector of the electrolyte to increase the speed at which the electrolyte passes across the anode face at any selected volumetric flow rate as compared to an otherwise identical cell without such baffles.

Abstract: A high resolution raster display includes a central processor for providing image data, a digital image processing circuit for converting the image data to display signals, and an analog display circuit for converting the display signals to drive signals for driving a CRT to form a color raster display on the screen of the CRT. The digital image processing circuit includes a display memory for storing the image data and a programmable attribute look-up table for storing attribute data. Under the control of the central processor, the image data stored in the display memory is read out and is used to address the attribute look-up table which provides attribute signals as an output. A pixel rate converter reads in the attribute signals at a first rate and outputs analog display signals at a second rate which is much higher than the first rate, with a video bandwidth of up to 210 MHz.

Abstract: A protector device as described for enhancing the security of a computer system which includes one or more user terminals in one or more host computers. The protector device includes a detection means for monitoring communications between the terminals and the host computers in which the detection means is independent from the host computers in the terminal but is connected to the computers and terminals such that certain information transmitted between the computers and terminals is transmitted through the detection means. The detection means includes additional means for user authentication, access control, command filtering, audit trail recording, audit trail analysis, interrogation, and cryptographic services. The detection means further includes means for generating an alarm in the event that certain potentially sensitive events occur and means for interrogating events generated and stored in the detection means.

Abstract: A power generation system utilizing an electrochemical cell comprising a reactive metal anode, a cathode spaced from the anode and an electrolyte comprising an aqueous solution of the hydroxide of the reactive metal is disclosed. The hydroxide concentration in the electrolyte is controlled by contacting the electrolyte with at least one complex comprising a hydrogen fluoride adduct to a fluoride salt to form at least one compound of the reactive metal which is insoluble in the electrolyte. The insoluble compound is separated from the electrolyte and the electrolyte is recirculated to the electrochemical cell.

Abstract: A power generation system utilizing an electrochemical cell comprising a reactive metal anode, a cathode spaced from the anode and an electrolyte comprising an aqueous solution of the hydroxide of the reactive metal is disclosed. The hydroxide concentration in the electrolyte is controlled by contacting the electrolyte with acids or salts thereof having a first anion comprising at least two elements with at least one of the elements being a non-metal. Upon contact with the electrolyte, the anion hydrolyzes to yield at least second or third anions which react with the hydroxide of the reactive metal to yield compounds thereof which are insoluble in the electrolyte. The insoluble compounds are separated from the electrolyte and the electrolyte is recirculated to the electrochemical cell.

Abstract: A holder for an electric fuse is provided with apparatus which senses the flow of electric current along the current path of the fuse holder, and, which responsive to such sensing, electromagnetically induces an ascertainable signal. The signal may be detected and processed to provide an indication of whether current is flowing through the fuse holder.

Abstract: An electrode for use in miniaturized sensor applications includes an electrically conductive element, a first layer of a salt on the surface of the conductive element having a common cation with the conductive element, a second layer of a second salt coating the first layer, the second layer having a common anion with the first layer, and a membrane covering the second layer, wherein the electrode is completely anhydrous when formed. The membrane may be selected to form either an ion selective electrode or a reference electrode.

Abstract: A power generation system utilizing an electrochemical cell comprising a reactive metal anode, a cathode spaced from the anode and an electrolyte comprising an aqueous solution of the hydroxide of the reactive metal is disclosed. The hydroxide concentration in the electrolyte is controlled by contacting the electrolyte with an acid anhydride to form an insoluble compound of the reactive metal. The insoluble compound is separated from the electrolyte and the electrolyte is recirculated to the electrochemical cell.

Abstract: An electric fuse is provided with heat dam elements interconnecting the fusible element and the fuse end terminals, which are provided with one or more raised ribs integrally formed therein. The heat dams include a plurality of planar sections and interconnecting bends to which the ribs impart a high degree of stiffness and dimensional stability.

Abstract: A fillerless electric fuse having a tubular casing with open ends is provided with a fusible element in the form of an extremely fine wire extending from one of the open ends to the other. The casing is provided with a pair of annular sections of reduced diameter at opposite ends thereof which receive a pair of metal contact rings having an outside diameter substantially the same as the outside diameter of the fuse casing. The fusible element extends through each of the open ends of the casing and is welded into electrically conductive relationship with the axially outwardly facing surfaces of the respective metal contact rings. End terminals are press fitted over each of the metal contact rings and are permanently secured to the fuse casing. Means are provided inside the fuse to establish an impermeable barrier of insulating material within the fuse casing around the fusible element and between the end caps.

Abstract: Method and apparatus which can provide continuous monitoring of the partial pressure of one or more gases in an atmosphere or feed stream, over an indefinite period of time and at a minimal cost. The method and apparatus of the present invention operates by monitoring the change in frequency of a piezoelectric element which has been coated with a film formed from manganese tertiary phosphine polymer complex. As the polymer absorbs or releases gas the frequency of the piezoelectric device will be altered.

Abstract: A gallium arsenide differential line receiver circuit has a first and second receiver means for receiving first and second differential input signal voltages. A pair of depletion transistor means for transforming the signal voltages into corresponding signal currents provides pull-up, and the depletion transistors have their gates operatively connected to the first and second receiver means. A pair of enhancement transistor means is operatively connected to the pair of depletion transistor means for outputting a gallium arsenide signal representation of the first and second differential input signal voltages. Positive feedback is provided for increasing the gain of the pair of enhancement transistors and is operatively connected to the pair of enhancement transistors. Shunting means is also provided for reducing hysteresis switching and is operatively connected to the pair of enhancement transistors.

Abstract: An optical coupler and method of making same is described. The coupling ratio of the coupler is polarization-insensitive. The optical coupler described herein is made from single-mode optical fibers. Each optical fiber has a length of nearly exposed core which is fused to the exposed core of the other optical fiber while the fibers are maintained in parallel juxtaposition with one another without twisting. By creating a fused core coupler from single-mode optical fibers in which the cores are in parallel juxtaposition with one another, the coupling ratio of the subject invention does not change with changes in polarization of light passing through each single-mode fiber and, thus, is polarization insensitive.