Abstract: A nanohole array (NHA)-based plasmonic sensor (e.g., gas/condensed phase sensor), their preparation, and their use to detect and analyze samples, especially mixtures of chemicals/bio-chemicals.

Abstract: A quantum flow cytometer detects an analyte with photon-number statistics and includes: a flow cytometer that receives a pump light, an analyte and produces scattered light from the analyte; an intensity interferometer that includes a beam splitter and receives the scattered light; splits the scattered light; and single photon detectors that receive the scattered light, such that the beam splitter and the single photon detectors provide photon number statistics that detects the analyte. A process for detecting the analyte with photon-number statistics includes: receiving the pump light; producing, by the analyte, scattered light from scattering the pump light; splitting the scattered light into first scattered light and second scattered light; detecting, by single photon detectors, the first scattered light and second scattered light; producing, by the single photon detectors, detection signals; and subjecting the detection signals to an analyzer to detect the analyte by photon number statistics.

Abstract: This disclosure describes systems, methods, and apparatus for multilayer superconducting structures comprising electroplated Rhenium, where the Rhenium operates in a superconducting regime at or above 4.2 K, or above 1.8 K where specific temperatures and times of annealing have occurred. The structure can include at least a first conductive layer applied to a substrate, where the Rhenium layer is electroplated to the first layer. A third layer formed from the same or a different conductor as the first layer can be formed atop the Rhenium layer.

Abstract: An ultrafast electro-optic laser makes a stabilized comb and includes: a comb generator that produces a frequency comb; a dielectric resonant oscillator; a phase modulator in communication with the dielectric resonant oscillator; an intensity modulator in communication with the phase modulator; an optical tailor in communication with the comb generator and that produces tailored light; a filter cavity in communication with the intensity modulator; a pulse shaper in communication with the filter cavity; a highly nonlinear fiber and compressor in communication with the pulse shaper; an interferometer in communication with the optical tailor and that produces a difference frequency from the tailored light; and an electrical stabilizer in communication with the interferometer and the comb generator and that produces the stabilization signal with a stabilized local oscillator cavity that produces a stabilized local oscillator signal that is converted into the stabilization signal and communicated to the dielectric

Abstract: A recessed carbon nanotube article includes a base; a substrate disposed on the base; wells disposed in the substrate and bounded by the base and a substrate wall; and a carbon nanotube element disposed in individual wells and including vertically aligned carbon nanotubes such that a longitudinal length of the vertically aligned carbon nanotubes is less than a depth of the well in which the carbon nanotube element is disposed. A recessed carbon nanotube bolometer includes a base; a substrate on the base; radiation wells in the substrate; carbon nanotubes in the wells; thermistors and heaters on the membrane arranged as an electrical substitution member. A process for making a recessed carbon nanotube bolometer includes forming a substrate on a base; forming a radiation well in the substrate; forming carbon nanotubes in the well; disposing a cover on the wells; and forming a thermistor and a heater on the base.

Abstract: A Rydberg atom mixer determines a phase of modulated carrier radiation and includes: a reference radiofrequency source for reference radiofrequency radiation; a modulated carrier source for modulated carrier radiation; a vapor cell to contain gas atoms and that receives reference radiofrequency radiation and modulated carrier radiation, such that the gas atoms produce modulated light modulated; and a transmission detector that receives the modulated light from the vapor cell and produces a transmission signal from the transmission detector for determination of a phase of the modulated carrier radiation, wherein the Rydberg atom mixer mixes the reference radiofrequency radiation and the modulated carrier radiation by the gas atoms in a Rydberg electronic state to produce the intermediate frequency IF that corresponds directly to the phase of the modulated carrier radiation.

Abstract: A di-enzymatic chimeric endolysin includes a primary enzymatic active domain including a primary protein sequence and that cleaves a glycosidic, peptide, or amide bond; a secondary enzymatic active domain disposed at a C-terminus end of the di-enzymatic chimeric endolysin and including a secondary protein sequence that, in combination with the primary enzymatic active domain, synergistically cleaves glycosidic, peptide, or amide bonds in a peptidoglycan; a cell wall binding domain including a recognition sequence that is sequentially interposed between the primary protein sequence and the secondary protein sequence and that binds to a cell wall; and a tertiary structure such that the primary enzymatic active domain faces and opposes the secondary enzymatic active domain in the di-enzymatic chimeric endolysin for synergistic cleavage of the peptidoglycan.

Abstract: A high-resolution photonic thermometer article performs high-resolution thermometry and includes: a light source; a photonic thermometer with a waveguide and a photonic crystal cavity that stores light; a photodetector in communication with the photonic thermometer; a phase sensitive detector in communication with the photodetector and that: receives the photodetector signal from the photodetector; receives a reference frequency signal; and produces a lock signal from the photodetector signal, based on the reference frequency signal; a local oscillator in communication with the phase sensitive detector and that produces the reference frequency signal; and a servo controller in communication with the phase sensitive detector and local oscillator and that: receives the lock signal from the phase sensitive detector; receives the reference frequency signal from the local oscillator; and produces the control signal such that absorption power of the photonic crystal is maximized through wavelength control of the li

Abstract: A deformometer includes: a cavity body; entry and exit optical cavity optics, such that the optical cavity produces filtered combined light from combined light; a first laser that provides first light; a second laser that provides second light; an optical combiner that: receives the first light; receives the second light; combines the first light and the second light; produces combined light from the first light and the second light; and communicates the combined light to the entry optical cavity optic; a beam splitter that: receives the filtered combined light; splits the filtered combined light; a first light detector in optical communication with the beam splitter and that: receives the first filtered light from the beam splitter; and produces a first cavity signal from the first filtered light; and a second light detector that: receives the second filtered light; and produces a second cavity signal from the second filtered light.

Abstract: A deformometer includes: a cavity body; entry and exit optical cavity optics, such that the optical cavity produces filtered combined light from combined light; a first laser that provides first light; a second laser that provides second light; an optical combiner that: receives the first light; receives the second light; combines the first light and the second light; produces combined light from the first light and the second light; and communicates the combined light to the entry optical cavity optic; a beam splitter that: receives the filtered combined light; splits the filtered combined light; a first light detector in optical communication with the beam splitter and that: receives the first filtered light from the beam splitter; and produces a first cavity signal from the first filtered light; and a second light detector that: receives the second filtered light; and produces a second cavity signal from the second filtered light.

Abstract: A deformometer includes: a cavity body; entry and exit optical cavity optics, such that the optical cavity produces filtered combined light from combined light; a first laser that provides first light; a second laser that provides second light; an optical combiner that: receives the first light; receives the second light; combines the first light and the second light; produces combined light from the first light and the second light; and communicates the combined light to the entry optical cavity optic; a beam splitter that: receives the filtered combined light; splits the filtered combined light; a first light detector in optical communication with the beam splitter and that: receives the first filtered light from the beam splitter; and produces a first cavity signal from the first filtered light; and a second light detector that: receives the second filtered light; and produces a second cavity signal from the second filtered light.

Abstract: An optical reference cavity includes: a cell that includes: a cylindrical body; end faces; an optical canal having an interior cylindrical geometry; and an exterior surface having an exterior cylindrical geometry; mirrors disposed on the end faces; an aspect ratio that is less than 1; a compression clamp that holds the cell through compression and includes compression platens disposed on the end faces so that the compression platens exert a compressive force to the end faces at a radius from a central axis of the cell so that the cell is compressed by the compression clamp, and a length of the optical canal is unperturbed to first order with a magnitude of the compressive force; and a compression intermediary interposed between the compression platens and end faces, wherein the length of the optical canal is insensitive to vibration coupled to the cell by the compression clamp and compression intermediaries.

Abstract: An x-ray spectrometer includes: an x-ray plasma source that produces first x-rays; an x-ray optic in optical communication with the x-ray plasma source and that: receives the first x-rays from the x-ray plasma source; focuses the first x-rays to produce second x-rays; and communicates the second x-rays to a sample that produces product x-rays in response to receipt of the second x-rays and second light; and a microcalorimeter array detector in optical communication with the sample and that receives the product x-rays from the sample.

Abstract: Superconformally filling a recessed feature includes: contacting the recessed feature with superconformal filling composition that includes: Au(SO3)23? anions; SO32? anions; and Bi3+ cations; convectively transporting Au(SO3)23? and Bi3+ to the bottom member of the recessed feature; subjecting the recessed feature to an electrical current to superconformally deposit gold from the Au(SO3)23? on the bottom member relative to the sidewall and the field, the electrical current providing a cathodic voltage; and increasing the electrical current subjected to the field and the recessed feature to maintain the cathodic voltage between ?0.85 V and ?1.00 V relative to the SSE during superconformally depositing gold on the substrate to superconformally fill the recessed feature of the article with gold as a superconformal filling of gold, the superconformal filling being void-free and seam-free.

Abstract: A six-dimensional smart target determines pose of an object and includes: a gimbal with an azimuthal base and an elevation arm; an elevation member on the elevation arm that has light pipes; and an azimuthal member with light pipes such that the elevation member rotates at a rotary center about an elevation axis and azimuthal axis to consistently maintain the elevation member in a field of view of a measurement instrument.

Abstract: A knowledge management system includes: a default knowledge system including: a knowledge system and a knowledge database in communication with the knowledge system; and a knowledge store in communication with the default knowledge system and including: a taxonomy amendment, an annotation amendment, a canonicalization amendment, an ecosystem amendment, a term amendment, and a phrase amendment.

Abstract: A method of separating and extracting carbon nanotubes, the method includes introducing the carbon nanotubes into a two-phase system that includes a first component and a second component, the first component being different from the second component. The method includes introducing a chemical agent into the two-phase system, mixing the chemical agent and the carbon nanotubes in the two-phase system, removing the first component to extract a first portion of the carbon nanotubes contained in the first component after the mixing, replenishing the two-phase system with fresh first component, and extracting a second portion of the carbon nanotubes contained in the fresh first component. A bandgap of the carbon nanotubes in the first portion is different from the bandgap of the carbon nanotubes in the second portion.

Abstract: Performing critical-dimension localization microscopy includes: subjecting a first dimensional member and a second dimensional member of a reference artifact to critical-dimension metrology, the first and second dimensional members, in combination, including a critical dimension and each independently providing optical contrast; determining a primary length of the critical dimension to be traceable to International System of Units meter; imaging in a calibrant optical field, by optical microscopy, the first dimensional member and the second dimensional member, the calibrant optical field disposed in an ocular optical field; determining, from the optical microscopy of the first dimensional member and the second dimensional member, a secondary length and a secondary length uncertainty of the critical dimension subjected to the critical-dimension metrology; and calibrating the calibrant optical field and the secondary length, to the primary length to establish traceability of the secondary length to the Internat

Abstract: A non-attenuating meter determines optical energy of laser light in an absence of optical attenuation of the laser light and includes: a recipient mirror that: receives laser light that propagates in a primary propagation direction; produces profile light; transmits the profile light through the recipient mirror along the primary propagation direction; produces first reflected light from the laser light; and reflects the first reflected light along a secondary propagation direction; a profilometer in optical communication with the recipient mirror and that: receives the profile light from the recipient mirror along the primary propagation direction; and produces a profile signal from the profile light; a sensor mirror in optical communication with the recipient mirror and a passer mirror and that: receives the first reflected light from the recipient mirror along the secondary propagation direction; produces, in a tertiary direction, a sensor force from the first reflected light; communicates the sensor force

Abstract: An amino acid-specific binder selectively binds to a binding amino acid. A binder complex selectively identifies the binding amino acid and includes an adjunct attached to the amino acid-specific binder. The adjunct includes a taggant, protein, substrate, or chemical modifier. Selectively identifying an N-terminal amino acid includes anchoring a C-terminal end; contacting an N-terminal amino acid of the anchored analyte with the binder complex; selectively binding when the N-terminal amino acid includes the binding amino acid; producing, by the taggant of the tagged complex, a taggant signal; detecting the taggant signal; and identifying the N-terminal amino acid based on the taggant signal.