Abstract: A molten glass recirculating apparatus is provided, comprising a riser chamber having a first opening positioned below a molten glass level and a second opening positioned above a molten glass level, a trough positioned adjacent the upper opening, and a gas emitter positioned within the riser chamber below a molten glass level and methods of using the same. When a gas is emitted from the gas emitter, molten glass contained within the riser chamber rises and exits the riser chamber through the second opening and along the trough. The exiting molten glass causes additional molten glass to be drawn into the riser chamber through the first opening. The invention also comprises a glass melter including a plurality of glass recirculating means, each being individually controllable to control the circulation of molten glass within a glass melter.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for gasification of organic materials (typically incorporated in domestic and industrial wastes, including auto shredder residues) to produce useful synthesis gas (primarily CO & H.sub.2) with effectively non-toxic ash residue by means of a preferably stoichiometric burner directed into a single stage reactor containing a tumbling charge thus heated to 650.degree. to 800.degree. C. (below the incipient fusion temperature of the charge) resulting in thermally cracking and gasifying the organic materials in the charge and reacting the complex hydrocarbons and gas evolved with the CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 O generated by the burner by combustion of a fuel and oxygen-containing gas at a high flame temperature, typically 2500.degree. to 3000.degree. C.