Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a treatment process and treatment system of enhanced up-flow multiphase wastewater oxidation. The treatment process includes the following steps: 1) the wastewater is fed into the up-flow multiphase wastewater oxidation system for oxidation treatment; 2) the wastewater is fed to the solid-liquid separation system for solid-liquid separation, the separated heterogeneous catalytic carrier (5) is fed back to the up-flow multiphase wastewater oxidation system, and the wastewater is fed to the neutralization and degassing system; 3) the wastewater is fed to the neutralization and degassing system to adjust a pH of the wastewater to 5.5-7.5, and then is degassed by stirring; 4) the wastewater is fed to the flocculation and sedimentation system for sludge-water separation, a supernatant is discharged, and an outward harmless treatment is performed after a pressure filtration of a sedimentary iron sludge.