Abstract: Provided are a pitch-formation suppressor and the like which can be widely applied independently of the substance that causes a pitch and of the situation to generate a pitch in a paper manufacturing process, and which can effectively suppress and prevent the troubles due to the pitch, such as foreign spots and defects in a paper, breakage of a paper, and lowering of workability. This pitch-formation suppressor comprises an alkaline solution in which a phenol resin and/or a modified phenol resin is dissolved, or an acid solution in which a phenol resin and/or a modified phenol resin is dissolved.

Abstract: A method of producing a material for protective garment includes step of sheet-forming activated carbon fiber sheet using activated carbon fibers in which a phenolic resin fiber is used as a precursor and a step of reinforcing the activated carbon fiber sheet by interweaving a thread onto the activated carbon fiber sheet.

Abstract: Provided are a pitch-formation suppressor and the like which can be widely applied independently of the substance that causes a pitch and of the situation to generate a pitch in a paper manufacturing process, and which can effectively suppress and prevent the troubles due to the pitch, such as foreign spots and defects in a paper, breakage of a paper, and lowering of workability. This pitch-formation suppressor comprises an alkaline solution in which a phenol resin and/or a modified phenol resin is dissolved, or an acid solution in which a phenol resin and/or a modified phenol resin is dissolved.

Abstract: There is provided a water treatment method using a water treatment flocculant that suffers from minimal secondary contamination with flocculation residues and contains an alkaline solution of a phenolic resin. A water treatment method involving the addition of a flocculant to water to be treated and subsequent membrane separation treatment. The flocculant contains an alkaline solution of a phenolic resin having a melting point in the range of 130° C. to 220° C. The water treatment flocculant is produced by a resole-type second-order reaction in the presence of an alkaline catalyst in which an aldehyde is added to an alkali solution of a novolak phenolic resin. The novolak phenolic resin is produced by a reaction between a phenol and an aldehyde in the presence of an acid catalyst.

Abstract: The resin-coated sand is produced by coating the surface of a refractory granular aggregate with a thermosetting resin and a thermoplastic resin. When using this resin-coated sand, a mold with a less rough surface can be produced by a RP molding apparatus. When using this mold made of the resin-coated sand, a casting with fewer gas defects can be produced.

Abstract: The resin-coated sand is produced by coating the surface of a refractory granular aggregate with a thermosetting resin and a thermoplastic resin. When using this resin-coated sand, a mold with a less rough surface can be produced by a RP molding apparatus. When using this mold made of the resin-coated sand, a casting with fewer gas defects can be produced.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a material which resolves the drawbacks associated with polyimide polymers, and yet retains the advantages offered by conventional polyimide polymers. An amino group containing phenol derivative of the present invention is represented by a general formula (1) show below, and the present invention also provides a polyimide precursor produced using such an amino group containing phenol derivative. (wherein, R1, R2 and R3, which may be the same or different, each represent an alkyl group of 1 to 9 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a COOR group (in which R represents an alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms) or a hydrogen atom; R4 and R5, which may be the same or different, each represent an alkyl group of 1 to 9 carbon atoms or a hydrogen atom; X represents —O—, —S—, —SO2—, —C(CH3)2—, —CH2—, —C(CH3)(C2H5)—, or —C(CF3)2—; and n represents an integer of 1 or greater).

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a material which resolves the drawbacks associated with polyimide polymers, and yet retains the advantages offered by conventional polyimide polymers. An amino group containing phenol derivative of the present invention is represented by a general formula (1) show below, and the present invention also provides a polyimide precursor produced using such an amino group containing phenol derivative. (wherein, R1, R2 and R3, which may be the same or different, each represent an alkyl group of 1 to 9 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a COOR group (in which R represents an alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms) or a hydrogen atom; R4 and R5, which may be the same or different, each represent an alkyl group of 1 to 9 carbon atoms or a hydrogen atom; X represents —O—, —S—, —SO2—, —C(CH3)2—, —CH2—, —C(CH3)(C2H5)—, or —C(CF3)2—; and n represents an integer of 1 or greater).

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a material which resolves the drawbacks associated with polyimide polymers, and yet retains the advantages offered by conventional polyimide polymers. An amino group containing phenol derivative of the present invention is represented by a general formula (1) show below, and the present invention also provides a polyimide precursor produced using such an amino group containing phenol derivative. (wherein, R1, R2 and R3, which may be the same or different, each represent an alkyl group of 1 to 9 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a COOR group (in which R represents an alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms) or a hydrogen atom; R4 and R5, which may be the same or different, each represent an alkyl group of 1 to 9 carbon atoms or a hydrogen atom; X represents —O—, —S—, —SO2—, —C(CH3)2—, —CH2—, —C(CH3)(C2H5)—, or —C(CF3)2—; and n represents an integer of 1 or greater).

Abstract: The resin-coated sand is produced by coating the surface of a refractory granular aggregate with a thermosetting resin and a thermoplastic resin. When using this resin-coated sand, a mold with a less rough surface can be produced by a RP molding apparatus. When using this mold made of the resin-coated sand, a casting with fewer gas defects can be produced.

Abstract: There is provided a process for preparing a polymer compound for a resist, which can improve the performance, such as the heat resistance, sensitivity and resolution of the resist, without causing film loss of the resist, line width reduction of the resist or deterioration of the dry etching resistance of the polymer. This process comprises dissolving a styrene-based monomer containing at least a 4-acetoxystyrene monomer, and a dimethyl-2,2′-azobiscarboxylate ester in a solvent, thereby to polymerize the styrene-based monomer; adding an alkali catalyst to the resulting polymer solution, thereby to hydrolyze the polymer solution; and washing the resulting polymer compound with water.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a material which resolves the drawbacks associated with polyimide polymers, and yet retains the advantages offered by conventional polyimide polymers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novolak type phenol resin, in particular a novolak type phenol resin for resists suitable for forming resist patterns. The novolak type phenol resin of the present invention is obtained by reacting at least a vinylphenol having a vinyl group and a phenolic hydroxyl group, such as parahydroxystyrene, or a polyvinylphenol, which is a polymer of the vinylphenol, a compound (A) such as 4,4′-methylenebis(2-hydroxymethyl-3,6-dimethylphenol) and/or a compound (B) such as 2,6-dihydroxymethyl-4-phenol, in a ratio of 1 to 40 moles of the compound (A) and/or compound (B) to 100 moles of the vinylphenol or 100 moles of structural unit of the vinylphenol contained in the polyvinylphenol in the presence of an acid and having a weight average molecular weight of 2,000 to 20,000. Such a novolak type phenol resin provides good pattern shape, heat resistance, resolution, and sensitivity in resists for lithography.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a phenol resin, in particular a phenol resin for resists suitable for forming resist patterns. The phenol resin of the present invention is obtained by reacting at least two components, i.e., a compound (A) such as 4-hydroxymethyl-2,6-dimethylphenol and a polymerizable phenol compound such as parahydroxystyrene or a polymer (B), which is a polymer of the polymerizable phenol compound, in a ratio of 1 to 50 moles of the compound (A) to 100 moles of the polymerizable phenol compound or 100 moles of structural unit of the polymerizable phenol compound contained in the polymer (B) in the presence of an acid and having a molecular weight of 2,000 to 20,000. Such a phenol resin provides good pattern shape, heat resistance, resolution, and sensitivity in resists for lithography.

Abstract: This invention provides a novolak type epoxy resin which has low melt viscosity but shows high heat resistance when hardened. Particularly, it relates to a novolak type epoxy resin in which the relationship between the total % by weight of 3 to 6 nucleus bodies and the melt viscosity measured by a cone plate method at 150.degree. C. satisfies specified conditions, an epoxy resin composition containing the same and hardened products thereof.

Abstract: One of the objects of the present invention is to offer novolak type phenolic resins which use phenols and aldehydes as raw materials and give narrow molecular weight distributions.The novolak type phenolic resins of the present invention are those obtained by condensation reaction of phenols with aldehydes in the presence of an oxycarboxylic acid having carboxyl groups, --COOH, and alcoholic hydroxyl groups, --OH, in one molecule. Thus obtained novolak type phenolic resins show narrow molecular weight distributions, lower viscosity in molten state and, as a consequence, uniformity in curing time.

Abstract: One of the objects of the present invention is to offer novolak type phenolic resins which use phenols and aldehydes as raw materials and give narrow molecular weight distributions.The novolak type phenolic resins of the present invention are those obtained by condensation reaction of phenols with aldehydes in the presence of an oxycarboxylic acid having carboxyl groups, --COOH, and alcoholic hydroxyl groups, --OH, in one molecule. Thus, obtained novolak type phenolic resins show narrow molecular weight distributions, lower viscosity in molten state and, as a consequence, uniformity in curing time.

Abstract: One of the objects of the present invention is to offer novolak type phenolic resins which use phenols and aldehydes as raw materials and give narrow molecular weight distributions.The novolak type phenolic resins of the present invention are those obtained by condensation reaction of phenols with aldehydes in the presence of an oxycarboxylic acid having carboxyl groups, --COOH, and alcoholic hydroxyl groups, --OH, in one molecule. Thus obtained novolak type phenolic resins show narrow molecular weight distributions, lower viscosity in molten state and, as a consequence, uniformity in curing time.

Abstract: A foamed phenolic molding composed of a core made of a kraft paper honey comb structure consisting of plate and corrugate members impregnated with a phenolic resin; and expandable phenolic composites laminated to said core, wherein the expandable phenolic composites are made of a matted fiber material formed in the shape of a plate to which phenolic resin is bonded to at least one thereof. The expandable phenolic composites and core are molded such that the expandable phenolic material fills the cells of the kraft paper honey comb structure. The molding has excellent thermal insulation and sound insulating properties as well as high strength as compared to conventional cores without sacrificing to the lightweight characteristics and workability of the quadratic surfaces.

Abstract: An activated and heat-treated product of a pitch fiber (A) is combined with an activated and heat-treated product of a precursor fiber of carbon fiber (B) having a larger elongation and a larger shrinkage during activation treatment thereof than those of the pitch fiber (A) to provide an activated carbon fiber structure. The activated carbon fiber structure is produced by subjecting the pitch fiber (A) and the precursor fiber of carbon fiber (B) to an activation treatment before or after the fibers (A) and (B) are formed into a configuration corresponding to a fiber structure through mixing or laminating.