Abstract: The invention concerns a sample chamber used for monitoring the concentrations of components of additives in a printing process liquid for maintaining predetermined desired concentrations of components of additives in a printing process liquid, wherein the actual concentrations of components are determined followed by redosing of measured components to a predetermined desired concentration.

Abstract: The invention proposes a spectroscopic device and a spectroscopic method, comprising a tubular measuring cell, in particular, for absorption spectroscopy of contaminated carbon dioxide, wherein the measuring cell is stabilized using at least one tube which is disposed parallel to the direction of extension of the measuring cell and is rigidly connected to the measuring cell.

Abstract: A process in which by a bar code formed by bars are gaps located between them with different electromagnetic characteristics, an electromagnetic alternating field is produced and a measuring field variable by the bar code is detected. At lease one sensor is provided with a sensor core, an exciting coil subject to high frequency located thereon and in each case at least one sensor coil closely adjacent to the exciting coil. The bar code is formed by electrically conductive material bars placed on a carrier with gaps.

Abstract: A method and device for detection and identification of liquid, solid, and gaseous foreign substances of beverages and/or beverage residues in re-usable bottles, especially in plastic bottles and other containers. Electromagnetic radiation traverses the walls of the bottles and containers at least once, and by areas of residual liquid, areas with liquid films, solid films on the inside wall and areas with contamination inside the wall are detected by the electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and an apparatus for the selective on-line identification and distinguishing of pollutants and contents in bottles/containers in filling systems in the beverage or drinks industry using the absorption, reflection and scattering of electromagnetic waves from the UV to the microwave range, characterized in that characteristic value pairs/ranges of wavelength and amplitude are used for identification and distinguishing.

Abstract: A method and device for measuring a volume flow of fluids in flow channels using ultrasound, wherein two ultrasonic transducers, each with a different transmitting frequency, are disposed in a flow channel in such a manner that emitted wave trains travel toward one another, with speed vectors of both wave trains having components that are in the flow direction and against the flow direction, and the superimposed signal is evaluated in terms of its position with respect to time.

Abstract: For the effective, rapid, but still cost-effective, simple analysis of the content of containers, such as returned non-disposable drink bottles, the invention provides a method for examining the gas phases in containers, such as drink bottles, particularly for sorting and eliminating bottles in a drink bottle filling plant, in which a gas sample taken from the bottles is spectroscopically examined and the dispersed beam is detected by an array of juxtaposed detectors (detector array).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring a rotation angle. At least one rotatable optical grating is provided to be pivotal on a rotation axis relative to one or more slits parallel to the rotatable optical grating. The rotatable optical grating is radial to the rotation axis. To measure a rotation angle the rotatable optical grating is pivoted relative to at least one stationary optical grating which is radial to a center opposite to a center of the rotatable optical grating. An overlap area is defined between the two optical gratings and measurement of the relative movement between the rotatable optical grating and the stationary optical grating is detected by at least one photoelectric receiver.