Abstract: This invention relates to a multipurpose cleaner composition which has been found to be useful in a very broad range of cleaning applications when employed in various aqueous dilutions. The cleaning compositions of this invention have found utility in cleaning applications of low demand, such as cleaning of windows, to those of high demand, such as encrusted stoves or automotive engines and the like. Because the concentrated multipurpose cleaner is readily diluted, it can be marketed in a concentrated form and diluted by the user to the desired concentration for the particular cleaning job requirements, thus reducing the amount of cleaner packaging consumed by a household.

Abstract: An automatic control system for maintaining the quality of water in a cooling tower utilizes a probe (38) which senses the oxygen reduction potential (ORP) of a soap having a 1:1 stoichiometric equivalent of an organic acid and ammonia in the water. The soap is pumped from a chemical supply means (20) containing the soap in response to the ORP of the soap in the water falling below a predetermined threshold. A second sensing probe measures the conductivity (in MHos) of the water as a factor of the total dissolved solids (TDS) to control the bleed-off or blow-down of the water. The chemicals, which are supplied for maintaining the ORP, permit significantly higher total dissolved solids in the water than with standard cooling tower systems, without the buildup of scale. As a consequence, water consumption is significantly reduced; and the system functions automatically, without requiring periodic visual inspection, water analysis or manual operation.

Abstract: An automatic control system for maintaining the quality of water in a cooling tower utilizes a probe (38) which senses the oxygen reduction potential (ORP) of a soap having a 1:1 stoichiometric equivalent of mineral acid and ammonia or amine in the water. The soap is pumped from a chemical supply means (20) containing the soap in response to the ORP of the soap in the water falling below a predetermined threshold. A second sensing probe measures the conductivity (in MHos) of the water as a factor of the total dissolved solids (TDS) to control the bleed-off or blow-down of the water. The chemicals, which are supplied for maintaining the ORP, permit significantly higher total dissolved solids in the water than with standard cooling tower systems, without the buildup of scale. As a consequence, water consumption is significantly reduced; and the system functions automatically, without requiring periodic visual inspection, water analysis or manual operation.

Abstract: A soap composition for the removal and prevention of scale in aqueous media comprising a 1:1 stoichiometric equivalent of an organic carboxylic acid and an amine base. The organic carboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of hydroxyacetic, citric, acetic, gluconic, salicylic, tartaric and benzoic, and mixtures thereof. The amine base is selected from the group consisting of monoisopropanolamine, diisopropanolamine, triisopropanolamine, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, diethylamine and mixtures thereof.