Abstract: Described herein is a novel nanocomposite for oral administration for treatment of gastrointestinal disease, e.g., IBD, or injury. The nanocomposite contains nanoemulsion particles (NEs), loaded with an active therapeutic agent, that are then combined with a second component containing a self-assembling peptide(s) (SAP) or peptidomimetic(s) (optionally, the second component is in a powder form). Upon administration, when hydrated at slightly acidic or near-neutral pH, the system self-assembles into a hydrogel matrix enveloping NEs, which then adheres to, and more efficiently delivers, the active agent to the intestinal tract of a treated subject. The nanocomposite can be administered in a capsule dosage form that forms a depot in the stomach or post-stomach.