Abstract: Data are write commanded from a host into a NAND flash memory. The data are saved once in a cache memory before being written into the NAND flash memory. The cache memory includes a physical segment whose size is the product of one page sector size of the NAND flash memory and the m-th power of 2 (m is 0 or a positive integer). A CPU records and manages the data writing status for each physical segment in a sector unit.

Abstract: A flash memory device includes a flash memory that stores many physical data blocks, a refresh management table that stores indications of the number of times each individual physical data block has been read, and a controller responsive to read and erase control signals from a source external to the flash memory device, and to the stored indications of the refresh management table for controlling reading, erasing and refreshing of the individual physical data blocks. In response to the number of times each individual physical data block has been read being equal to or exceeding a limit value, the controller refreshes the individual physical data block associated with the indication equaling or exceeding the limit value.

Abstract: Data are write commanded from a host into a NAND flash memory. The data are saved once in a cache memory before being written into the NAND flash memory. The cache memory includes a physical segment whose size is the product of one page sector size of the NAND flash memory and the m-th power of 2 (m is 0 or a positive integer). A CPU records and manages the data writing status for each physical segment in a sector unit.

Abstract: Card-type memories have a memory unit with an area having a minimum memory capacity and a control unit for interpreting a command issued by a host system and controlling the memory unit in accordance with the command. The memory area is formatted in accordance with the universal disk format so each sector of the area has a user data area of 2048 bytes with a logical sector length of 2048 bytes. File management is performed by a UDF file system of a host computer.

Abstract: A housing, formed as a desktop computer or wall-hung display, includes a display screen, a data receiver for receiving audio and video data transmitted from an external device via a public switched telephone network, and a data separator that separates the received data into separated audio data and separated video data. The separated audio data is coupled to a speaker and the separated video data is displayed on the display screen. The housing includes a short range transceiver that couples audio and video data to the separator and a slot for receiving a memory card that supplies audio and video data to the separator. The housing includes an image sensor and microphone for supplying video and audio signals to a combiner that supplies combined audio and video signals to the network, transceiver and card.

Abstract: A USB storage device having the function of preventing stored software from being deleted by mistake achieved with as simple a structure as possible. In the USB storage device, the storage area is divided into an area in which execution of reading, writing and deleting is allowed and an area in which only execution of reading is allowed. Information to make a USB mass storage class driver recognize these areas as areas corresponding, respectively, to logical unit numbers defined in the SCSI command set of the USB mass storage class driver owned by the host is stored in the USB storage device. The information includes logical unit numbers, formats, writing/deleting allowed/not allowed flag, logical block numbers and physical block numbers. By this, the USB mass storage class driver recognizes the USB storage device as a SCSI device having two logical units.

Abstract: A USB storage device having the function of preventing stored software from being deleted by mistake achieved with as simple a structure as possible. In the USB storage device, the storage area is divided into an area in which execution of reading, writing and deleting is allowed and an area in which only execution of reading is allowed. Information to make a USB mass storage class driver recognize these areas as areas corresponding, respectively, to logical unit numbers defined in the SCSI command set of the USB mass storage class driver owned by the host is stored in the USB storage device. The information includes logical unit numbers, formats, writing/deleting allowed/not allowed flag, logical block numbers and physical block numbers. By this, the USB mass storage class driver recognizes the USB storage device as a SCSI device having two logical units.

Abstract: A housing, formed as a desktop computer or wall-hung display, includes a display screen, a data receiver for receiving audio and video data transmitted from an external device via a public switched telephone network, and a data separator that separates the received data into separated audio data and separated video data. The separated audio data is coupled to a speaker and the separated video data is displayed on the display screen. The housing includes a short range transceiver that couples audio and video data to the separator and a slot for receiving a memory card that supplies audio and video data to the separator. The housing includes an image sensor and microphone for supplying video and audio signals to a combiner that supplies combined audio and video signals to the network, transceiver and card.

Abstract: A processing unit 12 that is provided in a memory unit 10 can transfer information that is stored in a corresponding address to a spare memory area and prohibit writing of information into the corresponding address when the number write operations to the respective addresses of flash memories 11-1 through 11-3 reaches a set number or when the error frequency in the information stored in the respective addresses reaches a set frequency. When the remaining capacity of a spare memory area reaches a set capacity, an indication lamp 14 may lit or a memory status signal may be transmitted to a processing unit 21 of a computer 20 and displayed on a display unit 30. The memory processing unit 12 may lit the indication lamp 14 when the number write operations to the respective addresses of flash memories 11-1 through 11-3 reaches a set number or when the error frequency in the information stored in the respective addresses reaches a set frequency.

Abstract: A proposed computer input device for transmitting the displacement data representing the quantity and direction of the movement of a cursor to a computer is operable in a narrow space and easily portable. The input device is provided with a pressure sensitive pad composed of a conductive layer formed on the underside of a flexible sheet and a resistor layer formed on the upper face of a substrate at a predetermined interval from the conductive layer. When the flexible sheet is depressed, the conductive layer contacts the resistor layer at the depressed position. In a control circuit connected to the conductive layer and the resistor layer, when the contact of the conductive layer with the resistor layer is detected, a voltage of 5V is applied alternately in a horizontal direction and a vertical direction on the surface of the resistor layer. The depressed position on the pressure sensitive pad is sequentially computed from the voltage value produced on the conductive layer when the voltage is applied.