Abstract: Process for the preparation of a fluorinated sulphonic acid compound by hydrolysis of a corresponding fluorinated sulphonyl fluoride in the presence of a tertiary amine, comprising steps of(a) recovering a mixture of a salt of the fluorinated sulphonic acid with the tertiary amine and an ammonium fluoride salt of the tertiary amine;(b) distilling off the tertiary ammonium fluoride salt and leaving a distillation remanence containing the salt of the fluorinated sulphonic acid with the tertiary amine; and(c) recovering the fluorinated sulphonic acid compound from the distillation remanence.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of a sulphonic acid catalyst from an aqueous extract of an alkylation effluent stream comprising the steps ofevaporating the extract to obtain a hydrate of the sulphonic acid catalyst;reacting the hydrate with an olefin containing hydrocarbon stream to its corresponding sulphonic acid ester; andintroducing the acid ester to a process for the alkylation of a hydrocarbon feedstock with an olefinic alkylation agent at alkylation conditions, thereby decomposing the sulphonic acid ester to its acid form being catalytic active in the alkylation process.

Abstract: Process for the recovery of spent fluorinated sulfonic catalyst from acid soluble oil (ASO) being formed during alkylation of hydrocarbons in the presence of the acid catalyst. The process includeswashing the ASO with water and recovering an aqueous solution of the acid catalyst,neutralizing the acid in the aqueous solution by adding to the solution a basic compound being selected from the group of amino compounds, ammonia and ammonium salts, thereby, forming ammonium salts of the acid catalyst with a melting point at which the obtained acid catalyst salt in a subsequent concentration and drying step is in the form of a melt,drying the melt, and finallyrecovering the acid catalyst by protonization of the dried melt with sulfuric acid and distilling off the recovered acid catalyst from the sulfuric acid.

Abstract: A method for the uniform loading of catalyst tubes with catalyst particles, which tubes are mounted at tube inlet side in a tube sheet, the method comprises introducing a feedstream of catalyst particles on the tubesheet in a number of substreams with a substantial equal particle flow and velocity by dividing the feedstream and each resulting substream into at least two streams in two or more dividing steps.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of an acid in its anhydrous form from an aqueous solution containing the acid in its hydrated form. The process includes adding to the solution a weak base in the form of a soluble salt of the acid, and concentrating the solution containing the acid hydrate and the salt of the acid to a substantially water-free, acid-salt mixture. The acid is distilled off in its anhydrous form from the acid-salt mixture.

Abstract: A process for the production of hydrogen and/or carbon monoxide rich gases by steam reforming of a hydrocarbon feedstock, the process comprising the step of contacting the hydrocarbon feedstock and steam with a catalyst comprising nickel as a main catalytic component, a refractory carrier material for the nickel, and at least one catalytic element for the steam reforming of the hydrocarbon feedstock, the element being selected from the group consisting of germanium, tin, lead, arsenic, antimony and bismuth.

Abstract: In a process for the catalytic low temperature oxidation of ammonia to nitrogen in an ammonia containing off-gas at a temperature of between 200.degree. C. and 500.degree. C. the improvement comprises,sulphating a catalyst comprising on an inert carrier a metal selected from the group of copper, cobalt, iron, chromium, nickel, manganese and mixtures thereof in the form of their oxides and/or sulphates and a further component selected from the group of platinum metals;contacting the ammonia containing atmosphere with the catalyst, andwithdrawing a decomposed gas being rich in nitrogen.

Abstract: Process for the electrochemical fluorination of a hydrocarbon substrate in the presence of a HF-containing electrolyte under electrochemical fluorination conditions to a fluorinated product and a hydrogen gas by-product, the improvement of which comprises additional steps of(a) continuously separating the formed fluorinated product from the electrolyte by extracting the electrolyte with an extraction agent,(b) continuously separating residual amounts of the fluorinated product from the hydrogen gas by-product by extraction of the gas with an extraction agent; and(c) recovering the fluorinated product by distillation of the extraction agent from step (a) and step (b).