Abstract: Process for reducing nitrogen oxides to nitrogen in an exhaust gas comprising passing the exhaust gas in the presence of a reducing agent through a catalyst system comprising at least two catalyst beds, in which a first catalyst bed is an iron-beta-zeolite and a second catalyst bed downstream is silver supported on alumina.

Abstract: A process for the hydrotreating of fuels with co-production of hydrogen during operation of the process, which enables i.e. reduced need of make-up hydrogen in the hydrotreating stage. The hydrocarbon fuel introduced to the hydrotreatment stage is a fuel containing renewable organic material which generates carbon monoxide during operation of the process. The carbon monoxide is then converted to hydrogen in the recycle loop by a water gas shift stage.

Abstract: A liquid-vapor distribution device for use in two-phase stream concurrent down-flow vessels including: a plurality of BOXVLTs fabricated in form of self-supporting structures (beams) and tray panels when installed forms a tray which will be essentially leak free at the junctions and between the tray and the vessel wall; the horizontal self-supporting structure consisting of a bottom plate being perforated with at least one row of apertures of equal size, wherein each aperture is fitted with an elongated down-flow channel (downcomer) being in form of a tube or any other geometric shape with the same geometrical cross sectional shape as the apertures in the beam and the down-flow channel is provided with an inlet for the concurrent two-phase stream, and wherein at least two of the down-flow channels are fitted with a common riser cap being attached to and along at least one wall portion of each down-flow channel and mounted over and spaced apart the inlet of the down-flow channel.

Abstract: A process for the adjustment of the composition of a synthesis gas produced in a high temperature black liquor gasifier.

Abstract: A process for the separation of close boiling compounds comprising distilling a hydrocarbon mixture of said compounds in the presence of a high boiling diluent liquid and a solid adsorbent. The high boiling diluent is withdrawn from the bottom of the distillation column and recycled to the column. The process is particularly suitable for the separation of straight-chain isomers from isomerate mixtures, the separation of benzene from hydrocarbon mixtures and the separation of paraffins from olefins.

Abstract: Partial conversion hydrocracking process comprising the steps of (a) hydrotreating a hydrocarbon feedstock with a hydrogenrich gas to produce a hydrotreated effluent stream comprising a liquid/vapor mixture and separating the liquid/vapor mixture into a liquid phase and a vapor phase, and (b) separating the liquid phase into a controlled liquid portion and an excess liquid portion, and (c) combining the vapor phase with the excess liquid portion to form a vapor plus liquid portion, and (d) separating an FCC feed-containing fraction from the controlled liquid portion and simultaneously hydrocracking the vapor plus liquid portion to produce a dieselcontaining fraction, or hydrocracking the controlled liquid portion to produce a diesel-containing fraction and simultaneously separating a FCC feed-containing fraction from the vapor plus liquid portion. The invention also includes an apparatus for carrying out the partial conversion hydrocracking process.

Abstract: Catalyst for use in the high temperature shift reaction comprising in its active form a mixture of zinc alumina spinel and zinc oxide in combination with an alkali metal selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Rb, Cs and mixtures thereof. The catalyst has a Zn/Al molar ratio in the range 0.5 to 1.0 and a content of alkali metal in the range 0.4 to 8.0 wt % based on the weight of oxidized catalyst.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of dimethyl ether product by catalytic conversion of synthesis gas to dimethyl ether comprising the steps of contacting a stream of synthesis gas comprising carbon dioxide in a dimethyl ether synthesis step in one or more reactors and with one or more catalysts being active in formation of methanol and dehydration of methanol to dimethyl ether, to form a product mixture comprising the dimethyl ether and carbon dioxide, washing the product mixture in a scrubbing zone with a liquid solvent being rich in dialkyl ether of a polyalkylene glycol and thereby dissolving carbon dioxide and dimethyl ether in the liquid solvent, treating the liquid solvent being withdrawn from the scrubbing zone sequentially in separation zone to effect desorption of the dissolved carbon dioxide and to recover a substantially pure dimethyl ether product and the liquid solvent in its substantially lean form and recycling the lean liquid solvent to the scrubbing zone.

Abstract: There is provided a process for selective isomerisation of C4+ paraffins using a catalyst comprising mixed aluminium, tungsten and zirconium oxides, and a hydrogenation/dehydrogenation component, such as palladium or other Group VIII metals. The feed may optionally also include shorter paraffins, aromatics or cycloparaffins.

Abstract: Process for reducing nitrogen oxides to nitrogen in an exhaust gas comprising passing the exhaust gas in the presence of an oxygen-containing organic reducing agent through a catalyst system comprising at least two catalyst beds, in which a first catalyst bed comprises only alumina and a second catalyst bed downstream comprises only indium supported on alumina.

Abstract: A process for preparation of a paraffin isomerization catalyst comprising a mixture of a Group IVB metal oxide, a Group VIB metal oxide, a Group IIIA metal oxide and a Group VIII metal. The process includes the steps of: a) contacting a hydroxide of the Group IVB metal with an aqueous solution of an oxyanion of the Group VIB metal to provide a mixture, (b) drying the mixture to provide a dry powder, (c) kneading the powder with a Group IIIA hydroxide gel and a polymeric cellulose ether compound to form a paste, (d) shaping the paste to form a shaped material, (e) calcining the shaped material to form a calcined material, (f) impregnating the calcined material with an aqueous solution of a Group VIII metal salt to provide the catalyst, and (g) calcining the catalyst.

Abstract: Process for the production of concentrated sulphuric acid and oleum from feed gases with up to 70% SO2+SO3 (SOx) and a content of H2O corresponding to H2O/SO3 molar ratios up to 1.6, particularly in the range of 0.5 to 1.6 upstream an intermediate sulphuric acid condenser comprising an air recycling loop with water addition. The process of the invention minimizes power consumption of the sulphuric acid plant by reducing the consumption of cooling water and obtaining maximum possible recovery of the heat liberated in the process for production of high pressure steam for power production. Up to 99.95% of the SOx in the feed gas can be recovered as typically 98.5-99.5 wt % concentrated sulphuric acid and/or oleum with up to 25 wt % SO3.

Abstract: A method for producing zeolite or zeotype crystals with a hierarchical pore system having both pores with average diameter between 0.3-2 nm and pores with an average diameter size larger than 4 nm in diameter, comprising the steps of applying a carbohydrate or a carbohydrate solution onto a zeolite precursor material or into a zeolite precursor composition, partly or fully decomposing the carbohydrate, crystallizing the zeolite, removing the partly or fully decomposed carbohydrate by calcination or combustion.

Abstract: Process for converting oxygenate compounds to hydrocarbons comprising the steps: (a) introducing a feed stream of synthesis gas to a synthesis section for the production of easily convertible oxygenates, (b) passing the effluent stream from said synthesis section containing easily convertible oxygenates to a gasoline synthesis section, (c) passing the effluent of said gasoline synthesis section to a separator and withdrawing from said separator hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline boiling range, (d) admixing a recycle stream from the separator containing unconverted synthesis gas volatile hydrocarbons with the feed stream of synthesis gas of step (a), (e) introducing a feed containing difficulty convertible oxygenates to the synthesis section of step (a).

Abstract: Reactor for a catalytic conversion reaction comprising within a catalyst housing a perforated catalyst support plate supporting a catalyst bed, the perforated catalyst support plate being supported by a plurality of elongated support elements, and catalyst particles in the catalyst bed being placed outside the elongated support elements, the perforated catalyst support plate being attached to the lower ends of the elongated support elements, the perforated catalyst support plate being divided into a plurality of perforated catalyst support plate segments, at least one perforated catalyst support plate segment being supported by an elongated support element.

Abstract: A process for hydrogenation of carbon oxides comprising contacting a gas mixture containing carbon oxides and of hydrogen with a catalyst comprising bimetallic iron-nickel or iron-cobalt alloys as the active catalytic material supported on a carrier of an oxide. The carrier is preferably formed to have a surface area greater than 20 m2/g.

Abstract: Process for carrying out heat exchange reactions comprising introducing a reactant stream into a bed of catalytic material placed outside at least one double walled heat transfer tube in a heat exchange reactor contacting the reactant stream with the catalytic material in indirect heat exchange with a heat transfer medium present in the annular volume of the at least one double walled heat transfer tube, the annular volume comprising one or more spacer elements creating a helical flow path of the heat transfer medium around the inner heat transfer tube of the at least one double walled heat transfer tube. The invention also includes a heat exchange reactor for carrying out the above reaction.

Abstract: A heat exchange reactor for carrying out endothermic or exothermic reactions comprising: a housing defining an external reactor wall (1), a plurality of heat transfer tubes (2) arranged within said housing for the supply or removal of heat in catalyst beds (3, 3?) disposed at least outside (3) said heat transfer tubes (2), and built-in elements (4) disposed in the outer periphery of said catalyst bed (3).

Abstract: Process for the separation of close boiling isomeric compounds comprising distilling a dilute solution of isomers in a high boiling compound in the presence of a solid adsorbent. Multi and/or monobranched as well as cyclic isomers are withdrawn at the top of the distillation column, while straight chain and/or mono branched isomers are retained within the solid adsorbent. The diluent solution of the high boiling compound is withdrawn from the bottom of the distillation column and recycled, where it may be combined with the feed isomer mixture or recycled straight to the top of the adsorption column.

Abstract: A process for removal of SO2 in off-gases having a temperature of 30-150° C. and containing 0.001-1 vol % SO2 in which the SO2 is oxidised to H2 SO4 by spraying an aqueous solution of H2O2 into the off-gas upstream of an aerosol filter removing the produced sulphuric acid from the off-gas.