Abstract: A method of producing cementitious mixtures containing fly ash as one of the cementitious components, under air entrainment conditions. The method involves forming a mixture comprising water, cement, fly ash, optionally other cementitious materials, aggregate, conventional chemical admixtures, and an air entrainment agent and agitating the mixture to entrain air therein. Additionally, at least one sacrificial agent is also included in the mixture. The sacrificial agent is a material or mixture of materials that is not required to act as an air entrainment agent but interacts preferentially with components of the fly ash that otherwise neutralize, repress or depress the activity of the air entrainment agent. The invention includes cementitious mixtures and hardened concretes resulting from the method and fly ash treated with sacrificial agent, or air entrainment agent/sacrificial agent combinations, and processes for selecting suitable sacrificial agents.

Abstract: A method of producing cementitious mixtures containing fly ash as one of the cementitious components, under air entrainment conditions. The method involves forming a mixture comprising water, cement, fly ash, optionally other cementitious materials, aggregate, conventional chemical admixtures, and an air entrainment agent and agitating the mixture to entrain air therein. Additionally, at least one sacrificial agent is also included in the mixture. The sacrificial agent is a material or mixture of materials that is not required to act as an air entrainment agent but interacts preferentially with components of the fly ash that otherwise neutralize, repress or depress the activity of the air entrainment agent. The invention includes cementitious mixtures and hardened concretes resulting from the method and fly ash treated with sacrificial agent, or air entrainment agent/sacrificial agent combinations, and processes for selecting suitable sacrificial agents.

Abstract: A method of producing cementitious mixtures containing fly ash as one of the cementitious components, under air entrainment conditions. The method involves forming a mixture comprising water, cement, fly ash, optionally other cementitious materials, aggregate, conventional chemical admixtures, and an air entrainment agent and agitating the mixture to entrain air therein. Additionally, at least one sacrificial agent is also included in the mixture. The sacrificial agent is a material or mixture of materials that is not required to act as an air entrainment agent but interacts preferentially with components of the fly ash that otherwise neutralize, repress or depress the activity of the air entrainment agent. The invention includes cementitious mixtures and hardened concretes resulting from the method and fly ash treated with sacrificial agent, or air entrainment agent/sacrificial agent combinations, and processes for selecting suitable sacrificial agents.

Abstract: A method of producing cementitious mixtures containing fly ash as one of the cementitious components, under air entrainment conditions. The method involves forming a mixture comprising water, cement, fly ash, optionally other cementitious materials, aggregate, conventional chemical admixtures, and an air entrainment agent and agitating the mixture to entrain air therein. Additionally, at least one sacrificial agent is also included in the mixture. The sacrificial agent is a material or mixture of materials that is not required to act as an air entrainment agent but interacts preferentially with components of the fly ash that otherwise neutralize, repress or depress the activity of the air entrainment agent. The invention includes cementitious mixtures and hardened concretes resulting from the method and fly ash treated with sacrificial agent, or air entrainment agent/sacrificial agent combinations, and processes for selecting suitable sacrificial agents.

Abstract: A polynucleate aluminum hydroxy silicate-sulphate compound (PASS) having the following average composition:Al.sub.A (OH).sub.B (SO.sub.4).sub.C (SiO.sub.X).sub.D (H.sub.2 O).sub.EwhereinA is 1.0;B ranges from 0.75 to 2.0;C ranges from 0.30 to 1.12;D ranges from 0.005 to 0.1;X is greater than 2.0 but less than or equal to 4.0 such that 3=B+2C+2D (X-2);E is larger than 4 when the product is in aqueous form.The compound is useful for water treatment and other applications where an aluminum hydroxide gel system is required, but the compound is especially useful as a drainage and retention aid and size promoter for use in papermaking. The compound, in aqueous solution, has a long storage life.

Abstract: A polynucleate hydroxy silicate-sulphate compound having the following average composition of the general formula:Al.sub.A (OH).sub.B (SO.sub.4).sub.C (SiO.sub.X).sub.D (H.sub.2 O).sub.EwhereinA is 1.0B ranges from 0.75 to 2.0C ranges from 0.30 to 1.12D ranges from 0.005 to 0.1X is greater than 2.0 but less or equal to 4.0 such that3=B+2C+2D(X-2)E is 1.5 to 4 when the product is in solid form; andE is larger than 4 when the product is in aqueous form.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a poly aluminum sulphate product having the following formula:[Al.sub.A (OH).sub.B (SO.sub.4).sub.C (H.sub.2 O).sub.E ].sub.nin whichn is a positive integer;A is 1.0;B ranges from 0.75-2.0;C ranges from 0.5-1.12; andE is 1.5 to 4 when the product is in solid form; andE is larger than 4 when the product is in aqueous form, and whereinB+2C=3,said process comprising reacting an Alum solution with a suitable alkali aluminate under high shear mixing and recovering the desired product.