Abstract: A thin film transistor substrate and a display apparatus including the same includes a substrate; an active layer and a gate electrode on the substrate, the active layer and gate electrode being spaced apart from each other vertically; a gate insulating film including a first gate insulating film and a second gate insulating film provided between the active layer and the gate electrode; and a source electrode and a drain electrode, each of the source electrode and the drain electrode connected to the active layer. The first gate insulating film is provided closer to the gate electrode than the second gate insulating film, a dielectric constant of the first gate insulating film is higher than a dielectric constant of the second gate insulating film, and a hydrogen content of the first gate insulating film is lower than a hydrogen content of the second gate insulating film.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to 5G or pre-5G communication systems that support higher data rates after 4G communication systems such as the LTE system. In the future, high-mobility terminals and low-mobility terminals will coexist in the massive connectivity environment of a mobile communication system. In such an environment, there is proposed a method of performing random access in different ways depending on the type of a terminal. More specifically, a method for a terminal may include: determining the mobility type of the terminal; and transmitting one of random access packets of different classes to the base station according to the determined mobility type.

Abstract: Provided are a lossless audio coding/decoding apparatus and method. The lossless audio coding apparatus includes a first coder to directly code first symbols; a second coder module comprising a plurality of second coders to convert the first symbols into second symbols and to code the second symbols; a first selector to compare the performance of the first coder to the performance of the second coders and to output a coding mode in accordance with a comparison result; and a second selector to output a final bitstream by coding the first symbols in correspondence with the coding mode. According to the present invention, the performance of audio coding may be improved.