Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determining the concentration of gases in a mixture of gasses by means of a gas sensor composed of three electrodes 1,2,3 and a solid electrolyte 4 upon the surface of which are secured the electrodes. A voltage Us being composed of a dc component Udc and an ac component Uac is applied to at least two electrodes, the measuring electrode 1 and the counter electrode 2. Us is controlled with reference to the reference electrode 3. The voltage components Udc and Uac of the voltage Us are chosen so that the metal salt formed by the ions of the solid electrolyte 4 with the gaseous components to be detected is again decomposed. The ion, current flowing between the electrodes is measured in dependence upon the voltage as applied. The concentration of the several gasses can be determined by known mathematical methods from the functional relation between the ion current and the voltage Us.

Abstract: A sealed gas discharge lamp is filed with a water vapor-enriched low pressure nitrogen oxygen mixture and a storage medium such as manganese dioxide is included in a separate vessel of the lamp for additionally storing water vapor but releasing the water vapor as the pressure in the lamp drops, the release may be augmented by heating the storage medium.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for Fabry-Perot spectroscopy using a spectrometer in the radiation path of which there is a radiation source, two successive Fabry-Perot interference filters through which the radiation passes, a blend of substances to be examined and a detector. The optical layer thickness of the first Fabry-Perot filter F1 is set to a given value and the optical layer thickness of the second Fabry-Perot filter F2 is modulated. The resultant interferogram as a function of the layer thickness is characteristic of the substance to be examined. The interferogram received at the detector D is converted by a mathematically transformation into a spectrum as a function of wave numbers.

Abstract: An interferometric analyzer for the detection of substances having a structured absorption spectrum such as a periodic or quasiperiodic absorption line pattern, within a gas blend, and comprising a source of radiation for directing radiation into a radiation path that includes a container, cell or the like which contains the substances to be detected, the path includes further a filter system, which includes an electrically or temperature controlled Fabry Perot element such that the spacing between the transmission lines of the interference corresponds to spacing of absorption lines of different substances for different absorption bands of these substances; and a dispersion filter each circularly variable or another Fabry Perot filter is positioned in the radiation path for selecting a respective spectral region as far as a particular substance is concerned by means of the controlled disperging element.

Abstract: A method for making a gas chamber for photometric measuring equipment comprises providing a metal frame with recesses on opposite sides establishing a web and at least one opening in the web and having solder surface areas; providing at least two calcium fluoide panes, said panes each having a rim portion; is improved by providing rim surface portions of the panes about to face the recess-web portion of said metal frame with a plurality of layers, by (i) physical vapor depositing a thin chromium nickel layer, (ii) physical vapor depositing thereon a nickel layer, and (iii) by physical vapor depositing thereon a gold layer; vapor depositing on the web portion around the opening of said recesses a gold layer; providing at least two solder elements of basically ring-shaped configuration respectively to be interposed between the web and the panes, the soldering elements being configured so that between their respective outer contour and walls of the recesses a solder flow space obtains when the solder elements ar

Abstract: Apparatus for monitoring and correcting gas analyzers having a measuring chamber with an inlet and an outlet, and a pump for supplying a pressurized measuring gas, further includes a flow throttle for providing flow resistance and being connected to the outlet of the analyzer to obtain a gas pressure in the chamber above a level downstream from the throttle; a pressure transducer is connected to measuring gas pressure of the measuring gas upstream from the throttle but downstream from the pump, preferably also upstream from the analyzer; an output signal from the transducer is used for correcting errors of the measuring signal of the gas analyzer caused by variations of gas pressure in the measuring chamber on account of variations in the gas pressure, for using the same output signal to extract a rate of flow indication as to the measuring gas and for ascertaining that the flow remains within specified limits.