Abstract: Pharmaceutical compositions and methods for enhancing targeting of therapeutic compounds to, inter alia, the CNS applied via intranasal administration while reducing non-target exposure are provided. In certain embodiments, at least one vasoconstrictor is provided intranasally prior to intranasal administration of at least one therapeutic compound. In other embodiments, the vasoconstrictor(s) and therapeutic compound(s) are combined in a pharmaceutical composition and delivered intranasally. The present invention substantially increases targeting of the therapeutic compound(s) to, inter alia, the CNS while substantially reducing unwanted and potentially harmful systemic exposure. The preferred administration of the invention applies the vasoconstrictor(s) and/or therapeutic compound(s) to the upper third of the nasal cavity, though application to the lower two-thirds of the nasal cavity is also within the scope of the invention.

Abstract: The present system is directed in several embodiments to a method of administration of a therapeutic composition for treatment of Anorexia Nervosa, safely and without significantly affecting the blood glucose or blood insulin levels of the patient. The method includes administering one or more therapeutic compositions comprising an effective amount of insulin directly to the subject patient's CNS, with no to minimal systemic exposure. Preferably, this method comprises administration of an effective amount of insulin to the upper third of a patient's nasal cavity, thereby bypassing the patient's blood-brain barrier and delivering the therapeutic composition directly to the patient's central nervous system.

Abstract: Methods for preconditioning and/or providing neuroprotection to the animal central nervous system against the effects of cerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Therapeutic agents are administered to the upper third of the nasal cavity to bypass the blood-brain barrier and access the central nervous system directly to avoid unwanted and potentially lethal side effects. Therapeutic agents include those substances that interact with iron and/or copper such as iron chelators, copper chelators, and antioxidants. A particular example of such therapeutic agents is the iron chelator deferoxamine (DFO). An effective amount of DFO may be administered to the upper third of the nasal cavity of a patient at risk for, or diagnosed with, cerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage. The effective amount of DFO is delivered directly to the patient's central nervous system for preconditioning, preventing and/or treating the cerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage.