Abstract: Water-fuel emulsions can be used in engines, predominantly in diesel engines, to achieve considerable fuel economy and reduce emissions of noxious exhaust components, NOx, CO2 and soot. However, the emulsion combustion technology for engines of power units has not been applied widely since the main two components are immiscible; water separates and causes corrosion in pumps, injectors, regulators and so on. In order to improve mixing, special emulsifiers are applied, but in this option emulsion does not sustain long. Proposed new emulsion making technology uses simultaneous dissolution of highly soluble gases CO2 and CH4 in immiscible components fuel and water. Tests demonstrate that water-fuel emulsion produced using the new technology retains stability when exposed to temperature and at long-term storage in the open air.

Abstract: One of the main objects in providing optimal mass exchange for fuel cells, especially mobile fuel cells, is anode gas supply to fuel cell stack based on stoichiometric characteristics depending on variable loads and anode gas recirculation. External loads may vary in wide range and arbitrary change, thus complicate the optimal mass exchange in fuel cell stack. A new original technology is disclosed for anode gas supply using a multi-stage ejector. This technology, an ejector design and control system allow increasing fuel cell efficiency with quick loads changing from minimal to maximal as well as at cold start.