Abstract: A filtration assembly is provided that includes a tubular container shaped so as to define a proximal container opening for receiving a liquid specimen sample. A plunger includes a plunger head and a plunger rod, and is insertable into the tubular container via the proximal container opening. A filter support is shaped so as to define a support surface on which a filter is removably disposed, and a plurality of filtrate-passage openings through the filter support into a waste liquid receptacle. The filtration assembly is configured such that provision of gas from a source of gas, when the liquid specimen sample is contained in the tubular container and the filter is disposed on the support surface, pushes at least a portion of the liquid specimen sample through the filter and the filtrate-passage openings and into the waste liquid receptacle. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: A method is provided for testing for presence of a biological particulate containing an antigen, the method including collecting, in a tube of an apparatus, biological fluid that potentially contains the biological particulate. Using a plunger of the apparatus, the biological fluid is pushed through a filter that is configured to not allow passage of at least some of the biological particulate. Subsequently, while the filter is inside the tube, the presence of the biological particulate is tested for by ascertaining if any of the biological particulate was trapped by the filter. Ascertaining includes applying to the filter a releasing agent solution configured to release an antigen from the biological particulate into the releasing agent solution, and, thereafter, testing the releasing agent solution for the presence of the released antigen. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: A testing device is provided for testing for the presence of particulate in a liquid. The testing device includes a liquid container, a filter, a waste liquid receptacle, and a plunger. The plunger includes a plunger head shaped so as to be insertable into the liquid container. The testing device is configured such that relative motion between the plunger head and the liquid container drives the liquid contained in the liquid container through the filter and then into the waste liquid receptacle. The plunger is shaped so as to define a filter-receiving chamber, which is shaped so as to define an inlet that passes through the plunger head. The filter is removably disposed on the plunger head, and arranged in the testing device to be movable at least partially into the filter-receiving chamber via the inlet after the liquid has been driven through the filter. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: A method is provided for testing for presence of a biological particulate, the method including collecting, in a tube of an apparatus, biological fluid that potentially contains the biological particulate, the tube having (a) an upstream proximal opening and (b) a distal end that is permanently closed. A plunger of the apparatus is inserted into the tube via the upstream proximal opening. The plunger is advanced within the tube while sealably contacting the tube, so as to push the biological fluid through a filter and into a fluid-collection compartment of the apparatus. The method includes subsequently testing for the presence of the biological particulate that was trapped by the filter as the biological fluid in the tube was pushed through the filter. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: A testing device (20, 120, 220, 290, 320, 420, 520, 620, 720, 820, 1020, 1120) is provided for testing for the presence of particulate in a liquid (22). The testing device (20, 120, 220, 290, 320, 420, 520, 620, 720, 820, 1020, 1120) includes a liquid container (30, 730) for containing the liquid (22); a filter (32, 132, 732), disposed in or downstream of the liquid container (30, 730); a liquid-pressure source (34, 734), which is arranged to apply pressure to drive the liquid (22) contained in the liquid container (30, 730) through the filter (32, 132, 732); and a filter chamber (36, 136, 236, 336, 736) that is (a) disposed downstream of the liquid container (30, 730), (b) shaped so as to define an inlet (38, 138, 238, 738, 838), and (c) in fluid communication with the filter (32, 132, 732). Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: A kit is provided that includes an extraction tube or a transport tube; a filter, a liquid for bathing the filter within the tube; and a filter shaft. The filter shaft includes a distal portion that is coupled to a central portion of the filter. The filter shaft is configured to insert the filter into the tube for bathing the filter in the liquid. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: A method for testing a liquid specimen sample is provided, the method including placing the liquid specimen sample in a tubular container of a filtration assembly of a sampling device. Thereafter, the liquid specimen sample is brought into contact with a filter removably disposed on a support surface defined by a filter support of the filtration assembly, while a filter-withdrawal shaft of the sampling device is coupled to the filter. Thereafter, at least a portion of the liquid specimen sample is driven through the filter and a plurality of filtrate-passage openings defined by the filter support. The filter-withdrawal shaft is withdrawn from the filtration assembly, thereby removing the filter from the support surface and from the filtration assembly, while leaving the filter support within the filtration assembly. Thereafter, the filter is tested for the presence of biological particulate trapped by the filter. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: Apparatus is provided for testing a biological fluid for presence of a biological particulate. The apparatus includes a tube, a plunger sized and shaped to be inserted into and advanced within the tube, and a filter. The apparatus is configured such that as the plunger is advanced within the tube while the biological fluid is within the tube, the biological fluid in the tube is pushed through the filter, thereby trapping, by the filter, the biological particulate present in the biological fluid. The apparatus is shaped so as to define at least one enclosed cavity containing a biological particulate-presence-testing-facilitation solution configured to test for the presence of the biological particulate trapped by the filter. The enclosed cavity is configured to open while the plunger is inside the tube, so as to release the biological particulate-presence-testing-facilitation solution within the tube. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: A method is provided for testing for presence of a particulate selected from the group consisting of: a microorganism, a fungus, a bacteria, a spore, a virus, a mite, a biological cell, a biological antigen, a protein, a protein antigen, and a carbohydrate antigen. The method includes (a) collecting, in a tube (22), fluid that potentially contains the particulate, (b) using a plunger (24) to push the fluid through a filter (26) disposed at a distal portion of the tube or at a distal end of the plunger, and subsequently, (c) while the filter is inside the tube, ascertaining if any of the particulate was trapped by the filter by applying a particulate-presence-testing-facilitation solution to the filter. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: A filter unit (20, 320, 420, 820, 1020) is provided that includes a filtration chamber (30, 330, 430, 830, 1030) and a filter assembly (32, 132, 232, 432, 532, 632, 732, 832, 1032). A filter cartridge (28, 128, 328, 428, 528, 728, 828, 1028) of the filter assembly (32, 132, 232, 432, 532, 632, 732, 832, 1032) includes a support shell (44, 144, 344, 444, 744, 844) and a filter (60, 860) coupled to a support-shell side wall (50, 350, 850) so as to cover support-shell side openings (52, 352, 852). A handle (62, 162, 262, 362, 662, 762, 862, 1062) of the filter assembly (32, 132, 232, 432, 532, 632, 732, 832, 1032) is coupled to a proximal end of the support shell (44, 144, 344, 444, 744, 844).

Abstract: A sampling device is provided for concentrating a liquid specimen sample. The sampling device includes a filtration assembly and a filter-collection receptacle disengageably coupled to the filtration assembly. The filtration assembly includes a tubular container and a plunger, which is insertable into the tubular container via a proximal container opening. The filtration assembly is configured such that movement of the plunger within the tubular container, when a liquid specimen sample is contained in the tubular container and a filter is disposed in the tubular container, pushes at least a portion of the liquid specimen sample through the filter. The sampling device is configured such that the filter is advanceable into the filter-collection receptacle while the filter-collection receptacle is disengageably coupled to the filtration assembly. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: Apparatus is provided including a tube and a plunger sized and shaped to be inserted into the tube. A distal end of the plunger is shaped to define one or more first passageways therethrough, and the plunger is shaped to define one or more compartments in fluid communication with the first passageways. A filter is coupled to the distal end of the plunger. The plunger is shaped to define a second passageway that passes through the plunger from a proximal end of the plunger to the distal end of the plunger, and is positioned to facilitate testing of the filter. The apparatus is configured such that while the plunger is advanced within the tube while fluid is within the tube, the fluid in the tube is pushed through the filter, through the first passageways, and into the one or more compartments. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: Apparatus is provided for testing a biological fluid for presence of a biological particulate. The apparatus includes a tube, a plunger sized and shaped to be inserted into and advanced within the tube, and a filter. The apparatus is configured such that as the plunger is advanced within the tube while the biological fluid is within the tube, the biological fluid in the tube is pushed through the filter, thereby trapping, by the filter, the biological particulate present in the biological fluid. The apparatus is shaped so as to define at least one enclosed cavity containing a biological particulate-presence-testing-facilitation solution configured to test for the presence of the biological particulate trapped by the filter. The enclosed cavity is configured to open while the plunger is inside the tube, so as to release the biological particulate-presence-testing-facilitation solution within the tube. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: A sampling device is provided for concentrating a liquid specimen sample, including a filtration assembly, which includes a tubular container and a plunger. The plunger includes a plunger head and a plunger rod that is shaped so as to define an internal plunger space having a plunger-space proximal opening through a proximal end of the plunger rod. The sampling device is configured such that a filter is removable from the tubular container via the plunger-space proximal opening while the plunger head is within the tubular container. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: A method is provided that includes rinsing an oral cavity of a subject with a rinse liquid. Thereafter, a gargle liquid is introduced into the oral cavity and gargled by the subject. Thereafter, at least a portion of the gargled liquid is collected as a specimen sample. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: A testing device (20, 120, 220, 290, 320, 420, 520, 620, 720, 820, 1020, 1120) is provided for testing for the presence of particulate in a liquid (22). The testing device (20, 120, 220, 290, 320, 420, 520, 620, 720, 820, 1020, 1120) includes a liquid container (30, 730) for containing the liquid (22); a filter (32, 132, 732), disposed in or downstream of the liquid container (30, 730); a liquid-pressure source (34, 734), which is arranged to apply pressure to drive the liquid (22) contained in the liquid container (30, 730) through the filter (32, 132, 732); and a filter chamber (36, 136, 236, 336, 736) that is (a) disposed downstream of the liquid container (30, 730), (b) shaped so as to define an inlet (38, 138, 238, 738, 838), and (c) in fluid communication with the filter (32, 132, 732). Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: A testing device (20, 120, 220, 290, 320, 420, 520, 620, 720, 820, 1020, 1120) is provided for testing for the presence of particulate in a liquid (22). The testing device (20, 120, 220, 290, 320, 420, 520, 620, 720, 820, 1020, 1120) includes a liquid container (30, 730) for containing the liquid (22); a filter (32, 132, 732), disposed in or downstream of the liquid container (30, 730); a liquid-pressure source (34, 734), which is arranged to apply pressure to drive the liquid (22) contained in the liquid container (30, 730) through the filter (32, 132, 732); and a filter chamber (36, 136, 236, 336, 736) that is (a) disposed downstream of the liquid container (30, 730), (b) shaped so as to define an inlet (38, 138, 238, 738, 838), and (c) in fluid communication with the filter (32, 132, 732). Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: Apparatus is provided for testing a biological fluid for presence of a biological particulate. The apparatus includes a tube, a plunger sized and shaped to be inserted into and advanced within the tube, and a filter. The apparatus is configured such that as the plunger is advanced within the tube while the biological fluid is within the tube, the biological fluid in the tube is pushed through the filter, thereby trapping, by the filter, the biological particulate present in the biological fluid. The apparatus is shaped so as to define at least one enclosed cavity containing a biological particulate-presence-testing-facilitation solution configured to test for the presence of the biological particulate trapped by the filter. The enclosed cavity is configured to open while the plunger is inside the tube, so as to release the biological particulate-presence-testing-facilitation solution within the tube. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: A method is provided that includes intranasally dispensing nasal wash fluid (26) into a nasal cavity (22) of a subject such that the nasal wash fluid (26) washes biological material into an oropharynx (30) of the subject from (a) the nasal cavity (22), (b) a nasopharynx (32) of the subject, or (c) the nasal cavity (22) and the nasopharynx (32). Thereafter, a specimen sample (24) is collected that passed out of an anterior opening (34) of an oral cavity (36) of the subject and contains at least a portion of the biological material washed into the oropharynx (30) by the nasal wash fluid (26). Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: A sampling device is provided for concentrating a liquid specimen sample. The sampling device includes a filtration assembly and a collection vial disengageably coupled to the filtration assembly. The filtration assembly includes a tubular container and a plunger, which is insertable into the tubular container via a proximal container opening. The filtration assembly is configured such that movement of the plunger within the tubular container, when a liquid specimen sample is contained in the tubular container and a filter is disposed in the tubular container, pushes at least a portion of the liquid specimen sample through the filter. The sampling device is configured such that the filter is advanceable into the collection vial while the collection vial is disengageably coupled to the filtration assembly. Other embodiments are also described.