Abstract: A CMOS digital integrated circuit digitally captures an image, generates a result surface on which a minima resides, and compares the result surfaces. The correlation of the result surfaces represents a best fit image displacement between image frames.

Abstract: A printing device includes a navigation unit for monitoring a cooperative navigation surface and provides data to a navigation engine for processing and generation of a positional signal representative of the position of a moving printer head.

Abstract: The architecture of the inventive correlator is, in a preferred embodiment, an array of correlation cells each containing a delay pipe, a math unit and an accumulator. An array of these correlation cells are tiled together to allow simultaneous processing by all cells. The array is disposed so that each cell accumulates an output value in a result surface. There is no electrical limit to the number of correlation cells that may be tiled together. A preferred embodiment uses nine cells tiled together into a 3×3 correlation result surface. Other embodiments have been tested in accordance with the present invention having twenty-five cells tiled together into a 5×5 correlation result surface. A stream of compare pixel values is presented to the array wherein each compare pixel value is presented to each cell concurrently. A reference memory supplies the appropriate reference pixel values to the cells to enable all calculations for that compare pixel value to be done concurrently.