Abstract: In one embodiment, the present invention includes an apparatus to heat a body. A first conductive path and/or a second conductive path include a resistive heating element that produces heat from said current. The first conductive path is coupled to redirect the current to the second conductive path and set up complementapy magnetic fields between said first and second layers. A third layer substantially blocks an electric field produced from the resistive heating element included in the first layer and/or second layer.
Abstract: In one embodiment, the present invention includes an infrared apparatus to heat a body. The infrared apparatus includes layers. The first layer has a first conductive path coupled to pass a first current. The second layer has a second conductive path running coincident to the first conductive path. The second layer terminates an electric field produced within said first layer. The first conductive path includes a resistive element that produces heat from the current.