Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid crystal device comprising a first portion, a second portion and a liquid crystal layer, wherein said first portion comprises a first substrate, said first substrate at least partially covered by a first electrode layer, wherein said second portion comprises a second substrate, said second substrate at least partially covered by a second electrode layer, wherein at least one of said first and second electrode layers comprises a plurality of electrodes that are electrically insulated of each other, wherein one of said first and second electrode layers is at least partially covered by said at least one photovoltaic semiconductor conversion layer and wherein said first portion is parallel to said second portion and at least one of them is transparent, wherein said liquid crystal layer is disposed between said first and second portions.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device comprising a first substrate, a second substrate and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between said first and second substrate; wherein an electrode structure is deposited on at least one of said first and second substrates, said electrode structure comprising: a first electrode layer; an insulating layer; a second electrode layer; wherein said electrode structure comprises holes extending through said second electrode layer and said insulating layer, such that said insulating layer is discontinuous, and wherein each hole is adapted to generate local fringe fields with azimuthal degenerate direction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid crystal device comprising a first portion, a second portion and a liquid crystal layer, wherein said first portion comprises a first substrate, said first substrate at least partially covered by a first electrode layer, wherein said second portion comprises a second substrate, said second substrate at least partially covered by a second electrode layer, wherein at least one of said first and second electrode layers comprises a plurality of electrodes that are electrically insulated of each other, wherein one of said first and second electrode layers is at least partially covered by said at least one photovoltaic semiconductor conversion layer and wherein said first portion is parallel to said second portion and at least one of them is transparent, wherein said liquid crystal layer is disposed between said first and second portions.