Abstract: The bonding apparatus has a holding device, a pressing device for pressure welding substances to be bonded to each other, and a superhigh vacuum bonding chamber provided with the holding device and the pressing device. A superhigh vacuum bonding preparatory chamber is connected with the superhigh vacuum bonding chamber through a gate valve and a conveyor is arranged for conveying the substances to be bonded between the superhigh vacuum bonding preparatory chamber and the superhigh vacuum bonding chamber. The preparatory chamber is provided with a rotary preparatory table having a plurality of stages for releasably supporting holders for holding the substances to be bonded, the preparatory table being moved to successive positions to register with the conveyor.

Abstract: A visual sighting system, in which the attitude of a person's head facing to a target object is detected, and the position of the target object is calculated so that an external servomechanism, such as an artificial arm, is directed to the target object.

Abstract: A voiced instruction identification system understands commands by examining a pattern of changes in short syllable (mora) sounds. Fundamental frequency is used as one symbolic value of mora for speech or humming sounds.