Abstract: The invention relates to a housing (2) of a switch (1) for railroad applications, which housing has, in a sectional view or when viewed from the side, approximately an L-shaped cross-section, wherein the inputs (6) and outputs (7) project upward approximately vertically on the one leg (4) and the inputs (8) and outputs (9) extend approximately at a right angle thereto from the other leg (5).

Abstract: A method of operating a transmission system (1) having a first network (2) and at least one second network (3) where data is exchanged in that data of the first network (2) is inputted between these at least two networks (2, 3) into duplication means (4), and the inputted data is transmitted wirelessly via at least two transmission paths (6, 7) using PRP to separator means (5) and forwarded from the separating means (5) to the connected second network (3), characterized in that the data is transmitted as data packets and each data packet is transmitted several times via the same transmission path (6, 7).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating a transmission system (1) that comprises a first network (2) and at least one additional network (3), in which data are exchanged between said at least two networks (2, 3) by means of data of the first network (2) being fed to duplication means (4) in the form of data packets, these fed data packets being wirelessly transmitted to separator means (5) via at least two transmission paths (6, 7) using PRP, and being forwarded from said separator means (5) to the connected additional network (3) in the form of a data stream. The invention is characterized in that the data packets are temporarily stored in a memory once they have been transmitted via the at least two transmission paths (6, 7).

Abstract: Method for operating a network (10), wherein the network (10) comprises at least one outer network (12) having at least one network device (14) and at least one inner network (13) having at least one network device (15), wherein additionally a transmission unit (16) is present that blocks a transmission of data from the outer network (12) to the inner network (13) and allows it in the opposite direction (or vice versa), characterised in that the transmission unit (16) permits a transmission of data only from the inner network (13) to the outer network (12) and the at least one network device (15) sends data from the inner network (13) to the transmission unit (16) with a first address, wherein the transmission unit (16) converts this first address into a second address and thereafter the data are transmitted with this second address in the direction of the outer network (12), the second address being a target address for the at least one network device in the outer network (12).

Abstract: End-to-end latency in a data network containing a succession of network devices through which a data packet passes via data connections is determined by first providing the data packet with a trigger packet. Then each device generates and adds to the trigger packet a respective reception timestamp indicating when the packet is received by the respective device. This added data indicates time needed for travel from the immediately upstream network device such that, when reaching the furthest downstream device of the succession of network devices, the trigger packet holds a plurality of timestamp representing when the trigger packet was received by the network devices. Finally the end-to-end latency is calculated at the furthest downstream network device from all of the time stamps in the trigger packet.

Abstract: Wireless access points may automatically discover each other and establish connections based on accumulated credit values incremented via mutual exchanges of identifiers. A first access point may select a candidate access point for a potential connection, and may maintain a credit value for the selected candidate access point. The first access point may broadcast beacon messages, including an identification of the candidate access point and the credit value. Responsive to detecting a broadcast from the candidate access point including an identifier of the first access point, the first access point may increment the credit value. As each access point continues broadcasting beacon messages, it may increment its credit value for the other access point accordingly.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating a network (1) with a multi-master redundancy protocol and an additional redundancy function by means of a bypass switch, wherein a plurality of network devices (2 to 5) are interconnected in the network (1) in a ring topology by means of lines (8) and exchange data. In the event of failure of one of the network devices (2 to 5), two ports of the failed network device (2 to 5) are connected to one another on the physical plane by means of a bypass switch (6, 7).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating a network, wherein the network comprises a plurality of network devices having ports, the network devices being connected to one another for transmitting data via cables which are each inserted into a respective port, wherein each port has signaling means which can be switched between at least two signaling states. The invention is characterized in that all signaling means of those ports of the network devices, which have the same configuration, are brought into an associated detectable signaling state.

Abstract: A method of operating a transmission system (1) having a first network (2) and at least one second network (3), data being exchanged between these at least two networks (2, 3) in that data of the first network (2) is fed to duplication means (4), the inputted data being transmitted wirelessly to separator means (5) via at least two transmission paths (6, 7) using PRP and forwarded from the separator means (5) to the connected second network (3), characterized in that the data is transmitted in the form of data packets, and it is ascertained whether or not a data packet was transmitted, and it is determined based thereon whether or not the transmission system (1) is operating in a fault-free manner.

Abstract: Method for operating a network having a prescribable topology, wherein the topology contains a plurality of network devices which are connected to one another and interchange data via multiwire data lines connected to their data ports, wherein test messages are also sent to the data lines in order to check whether or not two data ports on two network devices have the connection between them via the interposed data line, characterized in that, in a prescribable time interval, the number of CRC errors which have occurred and the number of data items transmitted in this time interval are ascertained on a data line between two data ports, and at least these two values are used to calculate an error rate which is a measure of the operability of the multiwire data line.

Abstract: Wireless access points may automatically discover each other and establish connections based on accumulated credit values incremented via mutual exchanges of identifiers. A first access point may select a candidate access point for a potential connection, and may maintain a credit value for the selected candidate access point. The first access point may broadcast beacon messages, including an identification of the candidate access point and the credit value. Responsive to detecting a broadcast from the candidate access point including an identifier of the first access point, the first access point may increment the credit value. As each access point continues broadcasting beacon messages, it may increment its credit value for the other access point accordingly.

Abstract: Method for determining the overall length (GL) of a jib (1, 4) of a crane in a wear-free manner, characterized in that a signal is coupled in at a first point (2, 5) of the jib (1, 4) and is coupled out at a second point (3, 6) of the jib (1, 4), the overall length (GL) being determined from the time required for the signal to go from the first point (2, 5) to the second point (3, 6).

Abstract: A method for operating a network having a plurality of terminals and a plurality of switches connected to one another via data lines has the first step of transmitting a multicast MMRP data packet from a data source via at least one of the switches and one of the data lines to a predetermined terminal intended to receive the multicast data packet. Then one port of a switch to which is connected another terminal that is not MMRP-capable is fed the multicast address as a static entry of the terminal connected to the one port. The multicast address is then transmitted to the at least one switch connected thereto.

Abstract: Method for operating a network having a prescribable topology, wherein the topology contains a plurality of network devices which are connected to one another and interchange data via multiwire data lines connected to their data ports, wherein test messages are also sent to the data lines in order to check whether or not two data ports on two network devices have the connection between them via the interposed data line, characterized in that, in a prescribable time interval, the number of cyclic redundancy check (CRC) errors which have occurred and the number of data items transmitted in this time interval are ascertained on a data line between two data ports, and at least these two values are used to calculate an error rate which is a measure of the operability of the multiwire data line.

Abstract: Wireless access points may automatically discover each other and establish connections based on accumulated credit values incremented via mutual exchanges of identifiers. A first access point may select a candidate access point for a potential connection, and may maintain a credit value for the selected candidate access point. The first access point may broadcast beacon messages, including an identification of the candidate access point and the credit value. Responsive to detecting a broadcast from the candidate access point including an identifier of the first access point, the first access point may increment the credit value. As each access point continues broadcasting beacon messages, it may increment its credit value for the other access point accordingly.

Abstract: A shielded plug connector for use with a cable having a plurality of conductors surrounded by a shield braid has an electrically nonconductive contact support and an electrically conductive shield sleeve surrounding the contact support. Respective contact members at ends of the electrical conductors are held in the shield sleeve. An electrically conductive one-piece shield shell extends from the shield braid at an end of the cable to the contact support surrounded by the shield sleeve in electrical contact with the shield sleeve and is formed along the cable with a throughgoing slot so as to be radially compressible. A compression ring or the like compresses the shield shell inward at the slot against the cable and the shield braid thereof.

Abstract: Apparatus for securely transmitting data between a mobile subscriber (1) having at least one transmission apparatus (2) and a stationary receiver (3), wherein the mobile subscriber (1) can change between a plurality of radio cells (Cell 1, Cell 2, Cell 3) and each radio cell (Cell 1, Cell 2, Cell 3) has at least one transmission apparatus (AP1, AP2, AP3), wherein the at least one transmission apparatus (AP1 to AP3) is also connected in a wired manner to at least one network (LAN A, LAN B), wherein the stationary receiver (3) is likewise connected in a wired manner to the at least one network (LAN A, LAN B), and both the wireless transmission between the mobile subscriber (1) and the transmission apparatus (AP1 to AP3) respectively associated with the latter and the wired data transmission between the transmission apparatus (AP1 to AP3) and the at least one associated network (LAN A, LAN B) are carried out redundantly, and the stationary receiver (3) is redundantly connected in a wired manner to the network (L

Abstract: Device for determining the force of an operational arrangement acting on a load receiver, wherein the load receiver is arranged movably relative to a component of the operational arrangement, wherein sensor means are provided, determining the force acting on the load receiver, wherein transmission means are provided, which wirelessly transmit a signal representing the force generated and emitted by the sensor means to a control device of the operational arrangement, and wherein energy supply means providing the power supply at least for the sensor means and/or for the transmission means are provided on the load receiver.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating a network management station that exchanges data with the network devices connected to said station via bus connections by means of the SNMP protocol. An agent is integrated in each network device, said agent detecting the state of the network device and also being able to carry out adjustments or trigger actions in said device, wherein said agent communicates with the network management station via SET and GET commands. Furthermore, an error detection and/or an error notification between the network management station and the respective agents is carried out via the SNMP protocol. The method is characterized in that a further data exchange between the network management station and the respective agents is carried in addition to the data exchange provided according to the SNMP protocol in order to exchange further data content between the network management station and the respective agents using said further data exchange.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for running a network, in particular an Ethernet network with redundancy properties, wherein the network has a ring network topology, in which network devices are connected to each other with the data ports thereof via data lines and exchange control data and user data by means of protocols via the data lines, wherein the protocols prevent the transmission of network traffic via certain data ports of individual network devices with the exception of network traffic for controlling and/or monitoring the media redundancy, in order to avoid an endless circulation of network traffic in physical loops of the network, wherein it is provided according to the invention that at least two different protocols are executed parallel to each other in the network on the network devices, wherein the parallel operation of the at least two redundancy protocols is enabled by the fact that the control over the data ports to be blocked is assigned to an individual redundancy, or the parameters for