Abstract: Method and apparatus for measuring catalytic reactivity in diagnosing a gas-permeable object, such as a catalyst or a filter, that has been removed from an exhaust gas tract connected downstream of an internal combustion engine of, motor vehicle. The method includes applying, through an opening in a device, a test medium with a defined composition, to a front face of the removed object; and measuring, at a position located, with respect to a flow direction of the test medium, downstream of the front face, at least of: a concentration of at least one reduced or oxidized constituent of the test medium after passage of the test medium through the gas-permeable object; and a temperature of the object after the test medium is applied to the gas-permeable object.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the quality improvement of a gas-permeable object, such as a filter or catalyst, removed from an exhaust gas system of an internal combustion engine. To attain a cost-effectively realizable method, it is provided according to the invention that, in an automated process, a condition of the object is measured, after which a quality improvement is carried out, after which a condition of the object is measured again. Furthermore, the invention relates to an apparatus for the diagnosing and quality improvement of a gas-permeable object, such as a filter or a catalyst, removed from an exhaust gas system of an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for diagnosing a gas-permeable object, such as a catalyst (15) or a filter, that was removed from an exhaust gas tract connected downstream of an internal combustion engine, in particular removed from a motor vehicle. In order to obtain particularly precise information about a function of the catalyst (15), according to the invention, an end face of the catalyst (15) is subjected to a test medium of a defined composition, such as propane gas or carbon monoxide, through an opening (5) by means of a device (2) in order to measure a catalytic reactivity. At a position located downstream, a concentration of at least one reduced or oxidized constituent of the test medium is measured after having passed the catalyst (15) and/or a temperature of the object after being subjected to the test medium is measured.

Abstract: A short range projectile includes a metal jacket, which surrounds a plastic material core and has an external diameter up to about 0.4% larger than the diameter of a normal projectile of the caliber involved and an axial length of about 2 to 3.5 times the diameter of the projectile.