Abstract: In some examples, a rotary electric machine includes a stator having a plurality of stator coils arranged in a circular pattern around a central opening configured for receiving a rotor. The rotary electric machine further includes a respective dedicated inverter circuit associated with each respective stator coil. For instance, each respective inverter circuit may be configured to convert direct current power to alternating current power to provide to the respective stator coil.

Abstract: In some examples, an ECU includes a microcontroller, a first load switch, a first amplifier, a first control circuit, and an internal ground connected to an external ground. The first load switch is operable to connect and disconnect the ECU from a first ground path to the external ground. The first amplifier is operable to sense a current flow relative to the first ground path. The first control circuit is operable to receive an output from the first amplifier and to control the first load switch. When the ECU is non-operational and the microcontroller is in an OFF state, the first amplifier is operable to sense current indicative of a ground fault occurring relative to the first ground path. In response, the first amplifier outputs a signal which causes the first load switch to disconnect the internal ground from the first ground path.

Abstract: In some examples, a system includes an airflow sensor disposed at least partially within an air intake system for an engine. The airflow sensor may be configured to measure a flow rate of air flowing past the airflow sensor in the air intake system, and includes a sensor element and a heater associated with the sensor element. A heater control circuit may control the heater to control a temperature of the sensor element. Further, a processor may be configured by executable instructions to cause the heater control circuit to, in a first operation mode, maintain the sensor element at a higher temperature range, and, in a second operation mode, maintain the sensor element at a lower temperature range that is above an ambient temperature and that is lower than the higher temperature range.

Abstract: In some examples, a fuel injector rail assembly may include a fuel rail including a tubular body, with a fuel outlet passage formed through a wall of the tubular body. An injector cup may be connected to the tubular body and may include an injector chamber configured to receive a fuel injector. A first fuel passage formed in the injector cup may include a first diameter, and the first fuel passage may be connected to the fuel outlet passage of the tubular body. Additionally, a second fuel passage may be formed in the injector cup between the first fuel passage and the injector chamber. The second fuel passage may have a second diameter that is smaller than the first diameter of the first fuel passage.