Abstract: A variable displacement pump includes a variable mechanism configured to change a volume-variation rate of each pump chamber by movement of a movable member; a biasing mechanism provided to bias the movable member in a direction that increases the volume-variation rate; at least one reduction-side control oil chamber to which oil is supplied from a discharge portion such that the reduction-side control oil chamber applies force to the movable member in a direction that reduces the volume-variation rate; at least one increase-side control oil chamber to which oil is supplied from the discharge portion such that the increase-side control oil chamber applies force to the movable member in the direction that increases the volume-variation rate; and a control mechanism configured to control a oil quantity which is supplied to each control oil chamber. The total number of the control oil chambers is three or more.

Abstract: A suspension control apparatus includes a damping force adjustable shock absorber disposed between a vehicle body and a wheel of a vehicle and capable of adjusting a damping force to be generated, a vertical movement detection device configured to detect a state regarding a vertical movement of a vehicle, and a controller including: a target damping force calculation section configured to calculate a target damping force based on a detection result of the vertical movement detection device, a correction section configured to calculate a corrected damping force, which is acquired by reducing the target damping force when a relative speed is a low speed between a sprung side and an unsprung side of the damping force adjustable shock absorber, and a control signal output section configured to output the control signal corresponding to the corrected damping force to the damping force adjustable shock absorber.

Abstract: A power module includes a power unit equipped with plural power semiconductor devices, heat sinks, and a housing case. The power unit includes the power semiconductor devices, lead frames, and a sealing resin. The lead frames are coupled to the surfaces of each of the power semiconductor devices, and parts of the external surfaces of the upper and lower lead frames are bared out of the sealing resin. The housing case includes a housing base and a housing cover. The housing base, heat sink, power unit, heat sink, and housing cover are layered in that order. Assuming that S1 denotes the outline size of the housing base, S2 denotes the outline size of the housing cover, S3 denotes the size of the lead frame bared part of the power unit, the relationship of S1>S2>S3 is established. The housing cover is pressed and fixed to a receiving part of the housing base.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for preferably controlling an internal combustion engine by precisely estimating a current value of a temperature of an exhaust device of an internal combustion engine provided with a variable valve, an exhaust turbo supercharger and the like, and controlling an affector of a temperature of an exhaust gas on the basis of a difference between a reference value of the exhaust device temperature and the current value of the exhaust device temperature.