Abstract: In order to improve the light extraction efficiency of a light-emitting element, the light-emitting element includes: a light-emitting layer provided between an electrode and a transparent substrate; a particle layer provided between the light-emitting layer and the transparent substrate; and an adhesive layer provided between the light-emitting layer and the particle layer, the particle layer includes particles having a refraction index that is higher than a refraction index of the transparent substrate, the adhesive layer has a refraction index that is higher than the refraction index of the transparent substrate, and the particle layer has an average thickness that is less than an average particle size of the particles.

Abstract: A method for managing a storage subsystem including a plurality of information recording media includes selecting at least one recording medium from the plurality of information recording media to perform a service to the selected recording medium. A locating device associated with the selected recording medium is activated to identify the location of the selected recording medium in the storage subsystem.

Abstract: A method for managing a storage subsystem including a plurality of information recording media includes selecting at least one recording medium from the plurality of information recording media to perform a service to the selected recording medium. A locating device associated with the selected recording medium is activated to identify the location of the selected recording medium in the storage subsystem.

Abstract: A method for managing a network system including at least one host system and a registration server provided at a remote location from the at least one host system, the at least one host system and the registration server being coupled to each other by a communication link, includes receiving at the registration server a first request to register a first administrator of a first host system, the first administrator being provided with authority to control access to the first host system by one or more users, the first host system being associated with a first entity. Validity of the first registration request is authenticated at the registration server. The first registration request is considered valid if valid first authorization information is provided to the registration server in connection with the first registration request. The registration server is associated with an entity that is different from the first entity.

Abstract: A current collector, in which contact portions are free from dissolved loss even both fixed and moving contacts slidingly contact with each other, and durability as well as a current-carrying perfomance is improved, including a container, which is filled with an insulating arc-extinguishing medium and in which a cylindrical-shaped fixed contact and an torus-shaped contact disposed concentrically with the fixed contact and adapted to come into fitting contact with the fixed contact to carry current are received, and a torus-shaped current collecting member formed from a conductive material and provided on a contact portion of the torus-shaped contact.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a magnetic recording medium includes forming a first protective layer of first material over a magnetic film provided on a substrate. The first protective layer has a thickness of about 0.2 nm to about 2 nm. A second protective layer of second material is formed over the first protective layer by driving ions of the second material into the first protective layer. The first protective layer is configured to prevent the ions of the second material from penetrating into the magnetic film.

Abstract: A method for operating an electronic device includes detecting a condition associated with the electronic device that affects a performance of an operation by the electronic device; and transmitting a condition report to a remote electronic device, the condition report including a request to perform the operation.

Abstract: A storage system configured to provide a storage area to a host coupled to the storage system includes a first storage device of first type being configured to store data and provide one or more data-storage-related functions. A second storage device of second type is configured to store data and provide one or more data-storage-related functions. A virtual volume provides a storage location and being associated with at least one of the first and second storage devices. A database includes information relating to the one or more data-storage-related functions that the first and second storage devices are configured to perform. A first server is coupled to the first and second storage devices and having access to the database, the first server being configured to access the database in response to a data-storage-related-function request from the host involving at least one of the first and second storage devices.

Abstract: An information processor of a high reliability and a high recording density, and a blue color, blue-violet color and violet color based semiconductor light emitting device operable at a low threshold current density, used for the same, are provided. An optical information processor of a high reliability and a high recording density enables a moving picture, such as a high-definition television picture, to be recorded and reproduced satisfactorily. A barrier layer in a quantum-well active layer of a semiconductor light emitting device is doped with n-type impurities at a high density. Alternatively, the face orientation of a quantum-well active layer of a semiconductor light emitting device is a plane inclined from the (0001) plane, whereby the threshold current value of the semiconductor light emitting device can be decreased. The semiconductor light emitting device is typified by a gallium nitride based compound semiconductor laser device.

Abstract: An information recording apparatus includes a recording medium receiver to receive a recording medium whereon information may be recorded by the apparatus and a non-volatile memory to store management information about the recording medium provided in the recording medium receiver. The management information provides information about whether or not data can be recorded on the recording medium.

Abstract: A projection type image display apparatus includes a light source to emit light; a polarizing beam splitter to polarize the light received from the light source; a first lens array including a plurality of first lens cells having rectangular shapes to receive the light from the polarizing beam splitter, each first lens cell having a first side and a second side, the first side being longer than the second side, the first lens array having a rectangular shape, the first lens array having a third side and a fourth side, the third side being longer than the fourth side, the first sides of the first lens cells and the third side of the first lens array extending along a first direction; a second lens array including a plurality of second lens cells and being configured to receive the light from the first lens array, the second lens array having a rectangular shape and having a fifth side and a sixth side, the fifth and sixth sides of the second lens array having substantially the same dimensions as the third and

Abstract: An optical disk apparatus includes a motor to rotate an optical disk; and an optical head to apply light to the optical disk. The optical head includes a light source to emit the light to be applied to the optical disk, and a collimating lens to receive and collimate the light emitted by the light source. The collimating lens has an optical axis. The optical head also includes a support wall to support the collimating lens at a particular position. The support wall is configured to provide a gap between the collimating lens and the support wall to enable the collimating lens to be adjusted from an initial position to the particular position. The adjustment involves at least a movement in a direction that is perpendicular to the optical axis of the collimating lens. The optical head further includes an objective lens that is configured to receive the light from the collimating lens in order to apply the light to the optical disk.

Abstract: A method for operating a cryptosystem having a user, a registration station, and an authentication station is disclosed. The user has been assigned an active key pair. The active key pair includes a private key and a public key. The method includes generating an at least one new security key for the user upon receiving a request to generate the at least one new security key. The generated new security key is stored in a storage area without activating the new security key, the new security key being stored as an auxiliary key for the user. A request to activate the new security key that is stored in the storage area is received from the user. The new security key for the user is activated after receiving the activation request from the user.

Abstract: A method for retrieving information from a computer system including a user terminal and a storage area, includes retrieving first information from the storage area using a first search query, the first search query having a first element and a first weight that is associated with the first element. The first search query has been formulated to retrieve target information. The first information includes at least a first data block. Second information is retrieved from the storage area using a second search query. The second search query has the first element, and a second weight that is associated with the first element. The second search query is derived from a relevance feedback provided on the first data block of the first information. An end-search criterion is provided to the user terminal. The end-search criterion provides information as to whether or not to end a first retrieval procedure for the target information.

Abstract: A method for performing a transaction amongst a plurality of participants including a first participant and a second participant includes receiving a first transaction information from the first participant wishing to perform a transaction in connection with one or more products of the given type with another participant, where the first and second participants purchase products of a given type from a product supplier at first and second purchase prices, respectively, and the first and second purchase prices are different from each other. The first transaction information includes at least price information on the one or more products without providing information on the first purchase price associated with the first participant. A second transaction information from the second participant agreeing to transact with the first participant based on the first transaction information is received.

Abstract: A method of associating two components in an object-oriented includes generating a component information management table. A first component refers to a second component deployed in a component execution module, the first component including component information on the second component. The management table includes the component information and a physical component name of the second component. The component information includes an external interface name and description of the second component. The physical component name of the second component is retrieved from the component information management table using the component information stored in the first component. The physical component name of the second component obtained from the retrieving step is associated with a logical component name stored in the first component.

Abstract: An electronic account settlement system includes a preauthorization device provided at a vendor site and having a first receiver to receive first identification information of a user. The preauthorization device is configured to initiate a preauthorization request for a subsequent transaction of a product or service between the user and a vendor of the vendor site. An accounting system is provided at a remote location from the preauthorization device. The accounting system has a database including account information relating to a plurality of users and is configured to receive the preauthorization request and decide whether to grant or reject the preauthorization request using the account information.

Abstract: An electron beam trajectory controlling device includes a main deflection section having a first main coil and defining a first path and being configured to control a trajectory of an electron traveling along the first path. The main deflection section includes a first auxiliary coil provided proximate the first main coil. A minor deflection section is provided adjacent to the main deflection section and has a first minor coil that is coupled to the first auxiliary coil. The minor deflection section defines a second electron path that is aligned to the first path. The minor deflection section cooperates with the main deflection section to control the trajectory of the electron.

Abstract: A method for performing a system reconfiguration of a storage system includes displaying a configuration window visually showing a configuration of a plurality of components in the storage system within an operation screen. An input area is displayed within the operation screen, the input area being provided for entering one or more components to be reconfigured. A performance window is displayed within the operation screen, the preference window providing bandwidth utilization information of one or more of the components in the storage system. The configuration window, performance window, and the input area are all viewable at the same time without activating another operation screen.

Abstract: A data warehouse system includes a first database configured to receive first data from a first client, a data warehouse configured to receive second data corresponding to the first data from the first database after an interval to enable a second client to access the second data, and a dynamic database configured to receive third data corresponding to the first data from the first database prior to receipt of the second data by the data warehouse in order to provide the second client with access to the third data prior to the availability of the second data to the second client.