Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of generating sounds by a graphical user interface (GUI) used on information processing apparatuses and computers and, more particularly, to a method of acoustically expressing image information to enable visually disabled people having difficulty in using GUI to operate apparatuses with GUI, and an apparatus for carrying out the method. A specific sound is assigned before hand to an object displayed in a drawing space on a display screen or the like, and the object is expressed acoustically by generating the sound by a sound generating device for a period of time corresponding to the length of the outline of the object, the travel of the object or the ratio of change in size of the object.

Abstract: The optical head is arranged such that a semiconductor laser and a photodetector are formed via a buffer layer on the same substrate; and an opening portion is formed in the substrate under the semiconductor laser and the photodetector. This optical head is further arranged by that the opening portion is filled with a first transparent layer; a diffraction grating is formed on a lower surface of the first transparent layer; a second transparent layer is stacked on a lower surface of the first transparent layer; and a condenser lens is formed on a lower surface of the transparent layer.

Abstract: A surface analyzing method comprising an ion generation step for generating multiply-charged ions of specific ion species and specific charge state; a deceleration step for decelerating the generated multiply-charged ions to a lower kinetic energy than an energy of threshold of sputtering of an objective material; an irradiation step for irradiating the decelerated multiply-charged ions on the surface of a sample; and an analysis step for analyzing particles or light emitted from the surface of said sample by the irradiation of said multiply-charged ions. Apparatus is provided for carrying out the method.

Abstract: A phase-contrast X-ray CT apparatus is provided with an X-ray source for generating an X-ray beam, a crystal for generating a diffracted beam by irradiation with the X-ray beam, an object arranging section provided in the direction of propagation of the diffracted beam so that it is rotatable relative to the diffracted beam, an analyzer crystal for receiving a beam transmitted through the object arranging section to extract only a specified refraction angle component, and a sensor for detecting a beam extracted by the analyzer crystal.

Abstract: A parallel optical transmission device is disclosed, which comprises a transmitter section having one or a plurality of transmitter modules converting one or a plurality of input electric signals into optical signals; a section consisting of bundles of optical waveguides 20i, j transmitting the optical signals; and a receiver section having one or a plurality of receiver modules reproducing the electric signals from the optical signals thus transmitted to output them; wherein all propagation delay times from the input electric signals to the output electric signals are set in predetermined regions.

Abstract: To transfer a file comprising block data at high speed between sequential access type auxiliary memories, a file transmission program inquires of an operating system about the physical storage positions of the block data, determines a reading order to reduce the read access time on the basis of the results of inquiry, and issues read requests sequentially to the operating system according to the reading order. The file transmission program requests the operating system to transmit the read block data. The block data together with respective logical identification data, for example, logical block numbers, are transmitted to a receiving end which may be another computing system. The operating system at the receiving end is requested to secure the number of physical data blocks required to store the block data.

Abstract: A substation includes standard arresters installed near a bushing of a power transmission line entrance and at a connecting bus of a transformer and one or more high voltage arresters having a discharge voltage 10 to 30% higher than a standard arrester. Each high voltage arrester uses zinc oxide elements and is disposed on a line side of a line entrance breaker and/or near an open end of a double main bus in the substation.

Abstract: To edit data, a plurality of automatic processes are defined. Icons representing those processes may be displayed in a library frame of a display of the data editing system. The user may then select one or more of those processes by moving the corresponding icon from the library frame to an editing frame which also displays an image representing the data to be edited. When the user edits the data, each selected automatic process monitors the relationships between the data wherein, the corresponding icon provides a visual indication of the status of the automatic process. Preferably the progress of the automatic process is indicated by changes in the appearance of the corresponding icon. A generation frame may be provided on the display so that the user can generate new processes, represented by a corresponding icon, which may then be moved to the library frame or the editing frame. Icons may be grouped to permit simultaneous selection of a group of corresponding automatic processes.

Abstract: An anti-reflection film is in the form of a laminated film composed of an uppermost film layer containing coloring matter having an absorbing peak in a region near the infrared region of 700 nm-900 nm, or coloring matter having an absorbing peak in a region of 600 nm-700 nm, or both of the above coloring matter, and the next film layer to the uppermost layer containing coloring matter having an absorbing peak in a region of 500 nm-600 nm. The anti-reflection film utilizes a variation of the refractive indexes based on abnormal refractive index dispersion by the films containing the coloring matter.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing printed circuit board by forming wiring pattern by chemical metal plating using a negative pattern made of a photosensitive resin composition layer as the plating resist, wherein the photosensitive resin comprises at least a linear high polymer composed of repeating units expressed by the following general formula (1); ##STR1## where, R.sub.1 is H, an alkyl group having 1-9 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1-9 carbon atoms, and a carboxyalkyl group having 1-9 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 is an alkylene group having 1-9 carbon atoms, and n is the polymerized number of the repeating unit, and an organic compound expressed by the following general formula (2); ##STR2## where, R.sub.3 is H or an alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms, X is NH or S, and Z is N or C--Y, where Y is H, NH.sub.2, or SH.

Abstract: A CRT display device capable of displaying a signal from the existing image signal source, in which a vertical frequency is approximately fixed and a horizontal frequency is widely distributed beyond a ratio of 3:1, on one image screen. The CRT display device includes a scan converter unit and a display unit. The scan converter unit includes an output horizontal frequency unifying circuit, a horizontal blanking period ratio converting circuit, a vertical frequency converting unit and a vertical blanking period ratio converting circuit. The display unit includes a vertical deflection circuit and a circuit for correcting a vertical S-shaped distortion. In a phase synchronous circuit, a lock-out detector is connected to an output of a three state output digital phase detector, and on the basis of an output thereof, a switch is subjected to the "ON"/"OFF" control.

Abstract: In a voltage converter which is disposed in a semiconductor integrated circuit so as to lower an external supply voltage and to feed the lowered voltage to a partial circuit of the integrated circuit; the voltage converter is constructed so as to produce an output voltage suited to an ordinary operation in the ordinary operation state of the semiconductor integrated circuit and an aging voltage in the aging test of the circuit.

Abstract: A microprocessor has N processing units, a detector for detecting a branch instruction (k-th instruction) which comes first in the instruction sequence of N instructions, function logic for effecting control such that the first to the k-th instructions are executed with the (N-k+1)-th through the N-th processing units. However, when parallel processing is possible, the function logic operates such that the first through the N-th instructions are executed in sequential order by the first through the N-th processing units. On the other hand, wherein a branch instruction (k-th instruction) is included in the N sequential instructions, the function logic operates such that the first through the k-th instructions are parallelly executed by the (N-p+1)-th through the N-th processing units.

Abstract: A regrigerating apparatus comprising a refrigeration cycle comprising at least a compressor, a condenser, a dryer, an expansion mechanism and an evaporator, a refrigerant composed mainly of a fluorocarbon type refrigerant containing no chlorine and having a critical temperature of 40.degree. C. or higher, and a refrigerating machine oil comprising as base oil an ester oil of one or more fatty acids which contains at least two ester linkages ##STR1## in the molecule and has a viscosity at 40.degree. C. of 2 to 70 cSt and a viscosity at 100.degree. C. of 1 to 9 cSt.

Abstract: A slide structure comprises a roll shaft and a roll bearing. A whole circumference of the roll shaft is made of a sintered ceramics body. A sliding surface of the roll bearing is constructed by inserting a cermet into a carbon-carbon reinforcing graphite member. A continuous hot dipping apparatus has a roll supported and rotated in a molten metal bath. A sliding surface of the roll shaft and the roll bearing employs the slide structure. The corrosion resistivity and the wearing resistivity can be improved and a long service life can be attained. The slide structure comprised of the roll shaft and the roll bearing can be smoothly rotated by decreasing the friction coefficient of the slide structure.

Abstract: In order to effectively explore a binary decision diagram for synthesizing a logic circuit, a tentative circuit comprised of AND gates and OR gates is synthesized from a logic function. The number of gates in this circuit to which two input variables are simultaneously associated are counted and used as correlation between the two input variables. A correlation matrix for correlation among all of the input variables is generated. The input variables are sequentially grouped from a set of input variables with strongest correlation in the correlation matrix: These groups are registered into a correlation tree, and an intergroup correlation tree is produced. These groups are sequentially selected from a group with the least correlation, and the intragroup order of the selected group is changed from one to another. A binary decision diagram is explored which satisfies the most appropriate condition in that group (such as the minimum number of nodes, the minimum delay, and the minimum area).

Abstract: A data processor comprising: a bus control circuit adapted to be interfaced with a synchronous DRAM which can be accessed in synchronism with a clock signal; a plurality of data processing modules coupled to said bus control circuit for producing data and addresses for accessing a memory; and a clock driver for feeding intrinsic operation clocks to said data processing modules and for feeding the clock signal for accessing said memory in synchronism with the operations of said data processing modules to be operated by the operation clock signals, to the outside.

Abstract: A pointer remotely points a display screen of a large screen display device. The display screen is picked up by a monitor camera. An image processing unit extracts a feature of the pointer used for pointing based on the resulting image signal to identify the position of the pointing point and the pointer based on the feature. A computer generates information on an object to be displayed at a position pointed by the pointer. The generated information is displayed on a display device (CRT display device or large screen display device) assigned to the pointer. Even when a plurality of pointers are used, the information on the object to be displayed pointed by the pointer is properly displayed.

Abstract: A conference system is formed by multiple workstations which have individual conference control programs and are connected to a network, with each workstation having a destination workstation determined in advance so that a ring-shaped logical communication path is formed on the network. A conference control program which detects a fault on its receiving path during a conference sends a fault recovery request message including an identifier of the conference control program itself and the address of the workstation to the neighboring workstation, and the conference control program of the neighboring workstation relays the received fault recovery request message to the next workstation on the ring-shaped logical communication path so that the fault recovery request message is propagated on the ring-shaped logical communication path.

Abstract: A bearing apparatus comprises a housing formed of a non-magnetizable material and having a bottom portion, a fluid lubricating type radial bearing device provided coaxial with the housing and having a magnetic fluid sealing section and a radial bearing section, a thrust bearing device provided at the bottom portion of the housing, and a rotating shaft of a permeable material rotatable supported by the radial bearing device and thr thrust bearing device to extend through the radial bearing device. The magnetic fluid sealing section is disposed on the opening side of the housing with a predetermined spacing away from the radial bearing section whereby a space is provided between the magnetic fluid sealing section and a liquid surface of fluid lubricant filled in the radial bearing section.