Abstract: A half-tone color representation system suitable for use with a multi-color liquid crystal display panel, each display dot of which is constituted by three primary color pixels. More than eight different colors are represented with the three primary color pixels by providing a "half-tone" state of a pixel which is realized through successive ON-OFF controlling of the pixel. Flicker in the half-tone color representation of the display dot is reduced by causing the patterns or timings of successive ON-OFF controlling of the three primary color pixels to be different from one another.

Abstract: According to the present invention, there is provided a resin composition which can provide an insulating resin having excellent heat resistance and flame retardance after curing and showing a low dielectric constant.A fluorine-containing photo-setting resin composition comprising a polymer containing fluorine or a fluorine-containing group represented by general formula [II]: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are selected from the group consisting of H, F, CH.sub.3 and CF.sub.3 ; R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are selected from the group consisting of CH.sub.2 and CF.sub.2 ; x and y show 0 to 4 and m shows 30 to 1000, and a photopolymerization initiator, which is a solid at ambient temperature, melts between 100.degree. and 150.degree. C., has a melt viscosity of not greater than 10.sup.6 poise and is photocurable.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of inspecting and correcting a thin film transistor liquid crystal substrate and an apparatus therefor, where a plurality of scan lines and signal lines are connected electrically in common at each one terminal side respectively, and an infrared image outside the pixel domain is detected after lapse of a prescribed time from the time point of applying voltage between the scan lines and the signal lines, and an infrared image outside the pixel domain is detected after lapse of a prescribed time from the time point of stopping the voltage application, and the scan lines and the signal lines relating to variation of the heating state are detected from difference or quotient between an infrared image at the voltage applying state and an infrared image at the stopping state of voltage application, thereby a pixel address with a shortcircuit defect occurring is specified.

Abstract: A microparticle measuring method according to the present invention, by which the number of fluorescent microparticles is counted and the fluorescent microparticles are analyzed, includes the steps of introducing fluorescent microparticles into a narrow flow path almost one after another; irradiating the fluorescent microparticles in the narrow flow path with excitation light; detecting a signal pulse produced by detection of a single photon of fluorescence generated by the irradiation with the excitation light; and recognizing existence of the fluorescent microparticle, starting from the number of signal pulses measured per predetermined standard period, and further includes the step of obtaining the number of signal pulses per standard period with a time interval shorter than the standard period.

Abstract: In a solid state magnetic memory device wherein the information storing region of a Bloch line memory device using Bloch lines generated in magnetic domain walls as information carriers is covered with a magnetic material film having stripe domains perpendicular to the magnetic domain walls, the information storing position is determined by the stripe domains and a memory density of more than several tens giga bits per cm.sup.2 can be realized.

Abstract: In a semiconductor memory array, each cell includes a semiconductor switching element and a capacitor with a ferroelectric material layer. The ferroelectric material layer is sandwiched between opposing electrodes and exhibits a polarization varied in response to a voltage applied across the electrodes in such a manner that the direction of polarization is reversed if the voltage reaches a polarization reversal voltage. First electrodes of the capacitor elements are constituted by portions of semiconductor regions of the associated switching elements, while the second electrodes of the capacitor elements of the cells are constituted by a single common conductor layer. A first conductor is connected in common with the second main semiconductor regions of the switching elements of those cells which are on one column. A second conductor is connected in common with control electrodes of the switching elements of those cells which are on one row.

Abstract: A magnetic-resonance imaging apparatus has superconducting magnets for generating a large uniform magnetic field within a predetermined volume. Within that volume, coils for generating magnetic field gradients are supported on a bobbin, enabling an object within the bobbin to be investigated. The coils on the bobbin are subject to forces but are rigidly connected to the bobbin. Therefore, energy is transmitted to the bobbin which can cause the bobbin to vibrate and so generate noise. To dissipate that energy, the coils are attached to tubes, or other hollow members, on the bobbin, which tubes or hollow members contain movable bodies such as particulate material. The energy due to the forces on the coils cause the movable bodies to move and collide, so dissipating the energy and reducing the noise.

Abstract: By forcibly grounding a selected one of three phases of a three-phase power distribution line, a higher line-to-ground voltage is applied to other phases thereby causing very small-scale grounding at a fault position so that the fault position can be specified by detecting the small-scale grounding current as generated.

Abstract: A plasma mass spectrometer generates an aerosol of a sample, by dissolving the sample in a liquid solvent, and spraying the liquid into a spray chamber via a nebulizer. The solvent condenses in the spray chamber and an aerosol of the sample then passes through a supply tube to a plasma torch. Microwave power from an output on the plasma torch converts the aerosol to a plasma, and the plasma passes to an analyzer. If microwave radiation reached the spray chamber, it would cause heating of the solvent which may evaporate it so that the solvent would be present in the plasma. Therefore, there is a wall between the spray chamber and the plasma torch and microwave output which blocks such microwave radiation.

Abstract: A method for drawing a composite figure by combining a plurality of figures. The contours of the plurality of figures are first drawn, and thereafter the insides of the contours are successively filled with in accordance with plane filling attributes of the corresponding figures. Thus, a composite figure with unnecessary contours made to disappear at superposed portions of the figures can be obtained.

Abstract: Elevator group supervisory control method and system for group supervisory control of a plurality of elevators serving a plurality of floors. The method and apparatus of the invention permits the inputting of qualitative requests (guidance), from the user, concerning elevator operation into the group supervisory control system. Qualitative requests concerning elevator operation are set in the form of guidance (or request) targets. The thus set request, targets are converted into control targets for the elevators. Actual group supervisory control is executed using the control targets.

Abstract: Physiologically active substances contained in a biological sample not subjected to deproteinization can be converted to their derivatives at a high efficiency without being adversely affected by the protein present in the sample, and accordingly the analysis of said physiologically active substances in the form of said derivatives can be performed at a high precision.

Abstract: An electromagnetic flowmeter for measuring the flow rate of a fluid. The flowmeter has a measuring tube made of ceramics and defining a fluid passage therein for the fluid, electrodes having ends exposed to an interior of the measuring tube through holes which are formed in a wall of the measuring tube, a magnetic field generating device disposed around the electrodes, and a case encasing the measuring tube, the electrodes and the magnetic field generating means. A ratio t/R between a wall thickness t and a mean radius R of the measuring tube is determined such that stress generated in the measuring tube by the fluid in the measuring tube does not exceed the rupture stress of the measuring tube. The measuring tube can have flanges on both axial ends thereof, a radial height of the flange from an outer surface of the measuring tube is not greater than the wall thickness of the tube when the tube is made of Al.sub.2 O.sub.

Abstract: By making the lattice constant of barrier layers of a superlattice avalanche photodiode lower than the lattice constant of well layers to apply a tensile stress to the barrier layers, a high gain-bandwidth product can be obtained with a high ionization rate ratio kept.

Abstract: In determining the effectiveness of parameters on cells, after treatment of the cells with one or more selected parameters, the results of the treatment can be quickly determined by measuring the number n.sub.0 of cells having a predetermined cell form, subsequently mechanically stressing the cells for a sufficient period of time t to change the cell form substantially, thereafter again measuring the number n of cells having the predetermined cell form, and determining the cell viability .tau.defined by .tau.=t/1n(n.sub.0 /n).

Abstract: Method and system which permit, among a plurality of terminals, group cipher communication from a desired terminal to a number of desired terminals while ensuring safety of security. A plurality of secret values called master keys which are common to a predetermined subset of IC cards are stored in an IC card. A terminal initially starting communication generates a destination indicator to transmit it to other terminals, selects one of a plurality of master keys stored in an IC card on the basis of the destination indicator, generates a group key by using the selected master key, and performs encipherment and decipherment of a communication message by using the generated group key to carry out broadcast.

Abstract: To achieve higher packaging density and one wafer level for a full-sized wafer memory, or wafer-scale integration memory system, the wafers are vertically stacked with each other at a predetermined interval. A packaging technique is improved in such a way that a memory system layout can be precisely realized and a precise through hole can be formed. Moreover, other chips are fixed on the wafer so as to achieve furthermore the high packaging density.

Abstract: Nuclear reactor and nuclear reactor cooling facilities, and also a nuclear power generation plant and a method of its operation are disclosed. The reliability of cooling function at the time of anticipated accidents is substantially improved through enhancing a cooling efficiency of the gas in the reactor container without resorting to any particular active means. Guide structure is provided for circulating the gas present in the reactor container so as to accelerate heat removal therefrom to the outside through the surface of the reactor container. The arrangement includes an internal structure for retaining a coolant in the reactor container; and upper space portion disposed over the internal structure; a first gas flow passage for directing downward the gas present in the above upper space portion; and a second gas flow passage connecting the first gas flow passage with the upper space portion.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device of the invention realizes a reduced memory array area decreasing the number of connection holes between data-lines and memory cells. The memory cell is made up of one transistor and one capacitor. The plurality of memory cells are connected in such a way that the transisters are connected in series to one another. The individual electrodes of the capacitors are connected to the respective connection of the transistors. By applying a voltage to the word-lines in order, the information stored as charge in respective capacitors is read out to the data-line.

Abstract: Apparatus for cancelling magnetic fields for cancelling a leakage magnetic field from a static magnetic field generation assembly are disposed outside the static magnetic field generation assembly. A magnetic shield made of a magnetic substance is disposed between the static magnetic field generating assembly and the cancelling magnetic field apparatus. The cancelling magnetic field generation apparatus is of a cryostatless type.