Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing phosphines ##STR1## where, for example R.sup.1 is (C.sub.1 -C.sub.10)alkyl, (C.sub.3 -C.sub.10)cycloalkyl, C(YZ)aryl Y, Z is (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)alkyl, hydrogen, Aryl is phenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl, phenanthrenyl, or biphenyl, binaphthylandR.sup.2, R.sup.3 are, independently of one another, phenyl, naphthyl or anthracenyl,by reacting a diarylphosphine ##STR2## where X is bromine, chlorine, fluorine, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)alkoxy, O-phenyl, with a reducing agent and a quaternary ammonium compound ##STR3## where A is an anion of an organic or inorganic acid.

Abstract: Solvent-free aqueous synthetic-resin dispersions comprising a polymer (A) which is obtained by polymerization of (A1) capped polyisocyanates in which some of the capping groups contain an ethylenically unsaturated group, and (A2) ethylenically unsaturated monomers in the presence of an ionic resin (B). The resin is useful in electrodeposition coatings.

Abstract: A novel positive-working radiation-sensitive mixture having a high sensitivity to radiation in a short-wavelength UV region is provided which can be developed in an aqueous alkaline solution, has a stable acid latent image and is used for the production of a semiconductor. The mixture comprises, as indispensable components, a) a binder insoluble in water but soluble in an aqueous alkaline solution, b) a compound having at least one bond cleavable with an acid, c) a compound capable of producing an acid upon radiation, and d.sub.1) a basic ammonium compound or d.sub.2) a basic sulfonium compound.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of the formula (I) ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are, independently of one another, hydrogen, CF.sub.3, NO.sub.2, CN, halogen, --S(NSO.sub.2 CF.sub.3)CF.sub.3, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkyl, phenyl, SO.sub.2 R.sup.5, COOR.sup.5, NR.sub.2.sup.5, where R.sup.5 is (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkyl, which can also be fluorinated, or phenyl, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 or R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 together form an aliphatic or aromatic ring which can also contain an oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen atom.The invention further provides a process for preparing the compounds of the formula (I), which comprises reacting compounds of the formula (II) ##STR2## where R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 are as defined above and X is hydrogen or an alkali metal, with elemental fluorine in the presence of an inert solvent and, if desired, an alkali metal fluoride at low temperatures.

Abstract: Organic polymer surfaces are modified by contacting such surfaces with a halohydroxy compound and a cationic compound of a volatile acid having a pK.sub.a >2.5. Preferably the organic polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyesters, aromatic polyamides and graphitic polymers and the contacting is conducted at an elevated temperature.

Abstract: A copolymer consisting essentially of a repeating sequence represented by the formula ##STR1## where Ar.sub.1, Ar.sub.2, and Ar.sub.3, are each independently chosen from the group consisting of ##STR2## which are either unsubstituted or are substituted with one or more substituents chosen from the group consisting of alkyl groups having 1-6 carbon atoms, halogen (F, Cl or Br), and phenyl; Z, Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 are each independently O, NH, or S; n and m are positive integers; and X is a covalent bond, O, S, SO.sub.2, CO, C(C.sub.6 H.sub.5).sub.2, C(C.sub.6 H.sub.5)H, C(C.sub.6 H.sub.5)(CH.sub.3), C(CH.sub.3).sub.2, C(CH.sub.3)H, CH.sub.2, C(CF.sub.3).sub.2, or 3,3,5-trimethyl cyclohexyl. The polymers of this invention are derived from a minimum of three different monomers.

Abstract: Aqueous emulsions which include polyvinyl butyral are prepared by mixing a nonionic emulsifier with polyvinyl butyral and, if desired, with a plasticizer resin and, if desired, with one or more solvents, and adding water under the action of shear forces.

Abstract: Treatment of osteopathic comprising administering as an active ingredient a compound represented by the following formula (I), (II) or (III): ##STR1##

Abstract: The invention relates to a composite body in which a ceramic component and a metal component are bonded to one another by internal soldering. The internal soldering is effected with soldering composition in a recess (2) within a component (1) of the one material in which there is arranged a component (3) of the other material which is shaped to fit accurately. The recess (2) is, at at least one end-face opening, surrounded by a chamfer (5) having an angle .phi. smaller than 35.degree. C., while the wetting angle .beta. between the soldering composition and the plane of the component surface in which the recess is located is smaller than 40.degree..

Abstract: Trifluorophenylene compounds of the formula (I) ##STR1## in which ##STR2## are mesogenic radicals, are useful components for liquid-crystal mixtures.

Abstract: The agents according to the invention which containa) herbicides selected from the group of the imidazolinones of the formula (I) and (II) as claimed in claim 1 and, if desired, additionally phosphinothricin or known analogs,b) C.sub.10 -C.sub.18 -fatty alcohol polyglycol ether sulfates as wetting agents andc) customary additives,permit a surprisingly lower application rate of active ingredient compared with herbicidal agents without wetting agent b, while having the same effectiveness.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone of high purity by the action of chlorine and concentrated hydrochloric acid on hydroquinone, by introducing a part of the hydroquinone to be employed into an initially introduced 4- to 6-fold molar amount--based on the total amount of hydroquinone--of 20 to 37 % aqueous hydrochloric acid containing catalytic amounts of iron(III) ions and an anionic dispersant, introducing 1.5 to 2.0 times the molar amount--based on total hydroquinone--of chlorine as a gas into this solution at a temperature of 20.degree. to 90.degree. C., then adding the residual amount of hydroquinone as a solid or in dissolved form, introducing 1.5 to 2.0 times the molar amount of chlorine as a gas, keeping the concentration of the hydrochloric acid here at 23-25% by addition of water and finally raising the temperature to 100.degree. to 107.degree. C. with further introduction of chlorine as a gas (1.7 to 2.

Abstract: Metal-fullerene intercalation compounds, process for their preparation and use as catalystsTransition metal-fullerene intercalation compounds and a process for the preparation thereof by reaction of transition metal compounds with fullerenes or fullerene-containing carbon black with activation in a solvent.

Abstract: A process for preparing 5-chloro-4-hydroxypyrimidines, 2-chloro enamines as intermediates in this process and their use The invention relates to a process for preparing compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is optionally substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or benzyl, in which a chloroacetic ester is converted with ammonia or an ammonium salt into the corresponding chloro enamine and the latter is condensed in the presence of a base with formamide. The invention furthermore relates to 2-chloro enamines as intermediates in the process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing 4,4'-dimethyl-1,1'-binaphthyl, by electrochemically oxidatively dimerizing 1-methylnaphthalene in the presence of acetonitrile/water/conducting salt mixtures which additionally contain at least one further component which is immiscible or only partially miscible with water.

Abstract: In a process for separating trioxane from an aqueous mixture consisting essentially of trioxane, water and formaldehyde, water is extracted from the mixture by pervaporation and the water-depleted mixture (retentate) is separated by rectification into trioxane and an azeotropic mixture of trioxane, water and formaldehyde.

Abstract: A coupling device is provided for coupling peripheral flanges of first and second pipes. The device comprises first and second arcuate retaining members, coupling structure and a latching mechanism. The coupling device is capable of being initially set via the latching mechanism so as to permit the coupling device to securely couple two pipe flanges of a given diameter. After being initially set, the device is capable of being easily and quickly disassembled and reassembled about the peripheral flanges of the two pipes.

Abstract: Organic polymer surfaces are modified by contacting such surfaces with a haloester compound and a cationic compound of having a pK.sub.a >5. Preferably the organic polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyesters, aromatic polyamides, and graphitic polymers and the contacting is conducted at an elevated temperature.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of 5-fluoroanthranilic acid, which comprises reacting 5-fluoro-2-bromotoluene in the presence of a catalyst and of an acidic solvent, with oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas at from 80.degree. to 220.degree. C., separating off the 5-fluoro-2-bromobenzoic acid formed and reacting it with ammonia at from 70.degree. to 180.degree. C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of ether-sulphonates of high purity, substantially free from extraneous salts, of the general formula IR.sup.1 --[O--(CR.sup.2 R.sup.2 R.sup.2' --CR.sup.5 R.sup.5' SO.sub.3 MIin whichR.sup.2 to R.sup.5, R.sup.2+ to R.sup.5', M, x and y are defined as given in claim 1 by reacting a compound of the general formula IIR.sup.1 --[O--(CR.sup.2 R.sup.2+ --CR.sup.3 R.sup.3').sub.x ].sub.y --OHIIwith a compound of the general formula IIIHO--CR.sup.4 R.sup.4' CR.sup.5 R.sup.5' --SO.sub.3 M IIIin the presence of a compound of the general formula IVMOH IVfollowed by neutralization of the compound of the general formula IV with an acid, characterized in that the acid employed is a compound of the general formula VR.sup.1 --[O--(CR.sup.2 R.sup.2' --CR.sup.3 R.sup.3').sub.x ].sub.y --OCR.sup.4 R.sup.4' CR.sup.5 R.sup.5' SO.sub.