Abstract: Refuse scrap from incinerated refuse or nonincinerated refuse is dried and precleaned to a metal content in excess of 70% and is then comminuted and abraded in a hammer shredder with the comminuted material being subjected to air separation and magnetic separation to yield a metal product containing at least 90% metal and with a density of at least 1 ton per m.sup.3 for direct use as any other iron scrap in a steel-making plant.

Abstract: A method for production of a multi-layer gap-less steel pipe. An inner pipe and an outer pipe are formed from thermomechanically rolled steel strip with high notched bar impact strength by welding. The individual helical welding seam steel pipes of about the same lengths are matched with a difference of less than about one percent between the outer diameter of the inner pipe and the inner diameter of the outer pipe. The matched inner pipe is inserted into the outer pipe and the pipes are mechanically expanded with diameter control to a preset outer diameter of the multi-layer steel pipe. The resulting multi-layer steel pipe has the inner pipe disposed under compression and the outer pipe layer disposed under stress. The presence of a compression stress in the inner pipe provides a means opposed to hydrogen sulfide stress corrosion.

Abstract: A method is provided for joining the ends of steel pipes having male and female ends. The pipe is inserted with the male end into the pipe with the female end and a circular seam is welded, which is disposed at the inside of the female pipe for solidly connecting the pipe with the male end to the pipe with the female end. The male end is preferably provided with a ball section and the female end correspondingly with a ball shaped socket for allowing the pipe to be angled at the connection points. The invention provides the advantage that in automatic welding no large head holes have to be dug out.

Abstract: A road wheel for a track-laying vehicle is composed of two wheel halves, each of which is deep drawn and pressed from a steel disk. The wheel halves have cylindrical and hub portions bridged by conical portions of different projection angles dimensioned so that the wheel half is of light weight, resistant to attack and of high strength.

Abstract: It is necessary to determine the effects of welding pressure in order to control the high-frequency welding process in the manufacture of pipes with longitudinal seams. It has been discovered that measurements of the height of the welding bead provide an approximation that is satisfactory for determining the mass of the bead, which is proportional to welding pressure in known pipe geometry. The height of the bead is transmitted by an optical system to the diode matrix of a commercially available diode-matrix camera. The results are processed to control welding pressure.

Abstract: A rotary shear for trimming sheet metal has a main support beam extending perpendicular to a normal workpiece transport direction and symmetrical about a central upright plane extending in the transport direction, a pair of symmetrically identical housings carried on the beam and each displaceable therealong transverse to the direction, and respective pairs of upper and lower rotary trimming blades carried on the housings. The upper and lower blades are rotatable about respective common axes substantially perpendicular to the transport direction. The beam is of trapezoidal hollow section and has a generally planar upper surface formed by a family of parallel and horizontal lines and inclined downward against the transport direction. The housings are each provided with a slide having a planar lower surface lying generally flatly on the beam surface, and the housings and beam are provided with guides engageable parallel to the surfaces with each other.

Abstract: A swivel bearing is provided for a bogie which comprises a support mounted on a first race ring, a friction lining and a rolling element attached to the support for providing a braking position to the friction lining. A second race ring engages the first race ring through rolling elements. A counter friction lining support element is solidly mounted on the second race ring and supports a counter friction lining for engaging the friction lining. A cam element is attached to the second race ring suitably for engaging the roller to provide for a positioning of the friction lining versus the counter friction lining over a desired angle. The counter friction lining support element is preferably a clamp spring of suitable tension for limiting the total braking force on the bogie rotation.

Abstract: A landing mat for compacted terrain is formed by assembling a multiplicity of mat elements in contiguous relationship. Each of these elements has a rectangular plan configuration and is formed along its longitudinal edges with downwardly bent flanges, and between these flanges, with flattened corrugations forming longitudinal ribs perpendicular to the planar upper surface of the element. Stabilizing plates can extend transversely to the ribs and flanges and can have upwardly open slots snugly receiving the ribs. Clips bridging contiguous edges of adjoining elements are fitted into elongated windows spaced inwardly of these edges to hold the elements together and an edge member, likewise having a flattened-corrugation rib, is fixed along one edge of the mat and has downwardly turned tongues fitted into the window of the elements along the latter edge.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus are disclosed for equalizing the temperature of hot steel strip traveling from a preliminary rolling mill to a final rolling mill, equalization to be effected both lengthwise and transversely of the steel strip. To achieve this purpose the lateral edge portions of the steel strip are partially covered by heat reflectors which are spaced from and adjustable relative to them.

Abstract: A rail mounting system for mounting ties on concrete rails includes one or more concrete rails each having an upper surface from which a passage extends inwardly and downwardly and diverges in downward direction. For each passage there is provided a rail mounting member having a shaft provided at its upper end with a springy portion and at its lower end with a claw which extends laterally of and is inclined to the shaft. The upper open end of the passage has an outline corresponding to a vertical projection of the claw onto the surface of the tie.

Abstract: An electrodynamic sound converter is disclosed for the non-destructive ultrasonic testing of workpieces during relative movement of the workpiece and the testing head. The testing head has an annular electromagnet which produces a magnetic field, and a rod-shaped core extends coaxially through the electromagnet and has a tip which projects beyond the same in direction towards the workpiece to be tested. The core is axially slidable relative to the electromagnet towards and away from the workpiece and the electromagnet and the tip of the core are each independently maintained at a fixed predetermined spacing from a surface of the workpiece being tested. The tip is being biased towards the surface, and a high-frequency coil is located adjacent the tip and serves to produce electromagnetic oscillations. Various modifications are also disclosed.

Abstract: A cooling element for a metallurgical furnace in which a body of cast material has cooling tubes and adapted to face the interior or the furnace and is transversely spaced opposite marginal portions. The marginal portions of the cooling element are provided with alternating tooth-like configuration having teeth and tooth gaps between them. The cooling tubes or pipes have two inlet planes and two outlet planes. The inlet ends of the cooling pipes are alternately located in one inlet plane and in the other inlet plane and are alternately located in the one outlet plane and the second outlet plane.

Abstract: To apply indicia to a surface of a traveling workpiece, particularly of a rapidly moving workpiece, a beam of coherent laser light is split to form two rays, one of which is deflected directly onto the surface whereas the other is indirectly guided onto the surface. The two rays form on the surface two parallel indicia which are located opposite one another but are spaced transversely of the direction of workpiece movement.

Abstract: An arrangement for measuring the flatness or planar degree of metal strips under tensile stress while being rolled, in which measuring rollers are subdivided into roller sections. Measuring elements which may be in the form of strain gages, are held in suspensions having side members which are pivotable about a fixed axis. The side members also support the individual roller sections of the measuring rollers. The measuring elements or strain gages may be fixed in the roller bearings linking the suspension and the measuring rollers. The measuring elements may also be located in a recess of the side members. Each roller section may be provided with a measuring element, and the side members, furthermore, may be connected by rigid joints to a shaft which is reinforced by a rigid box and about which the side members are pivotable. The side members, moreover, may be T-shaped and be hinged to the rigid box, while being force-linked to a cover plate containing a recess for the measuring element.