Abstract: A process is described for the preparation of thymosin .alpha..sub.1 from desacetylthymosin .alpha..sub.1 in the presence of an acetylating agent and a biologically active ribosome preparation. Thymosin .alpha..sub.1 is useful in increasing T-cell numbers and normalizing immune function in patients with thymic dependent primary immunodeficiency diseases and in cancer patients who are immunodepressed.