Abstract: A piston ring for an oblong piston reciprocating in an oblong cylinder has side portions which merge at one end with a relatively long convex portion. Each side portion also merges with a relatively short convex end portion, respectively. The short convex end portions define a gap between them. Upon installation of the piston ring into a groove on the piston and within the wall of the oblong cylinder, the width of the gap is substantially reduced, thereby to stress the side portions and cause them to reduce pressure variations between the piston ring and the cylinder wall around the periphery of the piston ring. The oblong piston and cylinder may have straight side walls merging with arcuate end walls, or may be substantially elliptical in cross section.

Abstract: An engine mounting structure for a vehicle of the front-engine, front-drive or rear-engine, rear-drive type, wherein an engine and a transmission are separately mounted with the output shaft of the engine and the input shaft of the transmission interconnected through a universal joint. The engine and the transmission are independently supported on the vehicle body through rubber mounts. With such an arrangement, vibrations from the engine can be effectively prevented, and the engine and the transmission can be reliably mounted on the body through supports which are respectively suitable for them.

Abstract: An improved power steering device which has a pinion shaft connected with a steering wheel, a rack rod which is connected with steerable wheels and whose rack is in mesh with the pinion of the pinion shaft in the gear box, a power cylinder for hydraulically actuating the rack rod, and a changeover valve for selectively connecting the first and second hydraulic chambers of the power cylinder with the hydraulic pressure source and the oil reservoir. The pinion shaft is rotatably supported in the oscillating cage which is rotatably mounted on the gear box in a manner such that the axis of the oscillating cage is offset a certain distance from the axis of the pinion shaft, whereby the oscillating cage rotates about its axis when the steering torque is applied to the pinion shaft. The oscillating cage is connected with the changeover valve so that the latter is actuated by the rotary movement of the oscillating cage.

Abstract: A shock absorber has expansion and compression damping characteristics readily adjustable, if required, to different extents. In one preferred form, it includes an adjustable orifice associated with a piston, and the orifice includes an annular flexible valve element and a valve-seat member engageable with the inner peripheral edge thereof. The valve-seat member is formed at the bottom with feet which are arranged opposite to a stepped or continuously inclined annular top surface portion of the piston and is axially movable for engagement with the latter. The amount of axial movement of the valve-seat member and hence that of deflection of the valve element is adjustable by rotation of the valve-seat member relative to the piston through provision therefor at the top of the cylinder.

Abstract: An anti-skid brake control device including a wheel cylinder having defined therein a first hydraulic chamber connected with a brake fluid line extending from the master cylinder and a second hydraulic chamber connected with a pressure controlling fluid circuit. As the brake fluid line is isolated from the pressure controlling circuit by the output member of the wheel cylinder, the brake system can operate effectively, though in a conventional manner, should oil leakage occur in the controlling circuit. On a four-wheeled vehicle, each pair of front or rear wheel cylinders can be served by a common arrangement of such pressure controlling circuit for anti-skid control.

Abstract: A steering apparatus for a four-wheeled vehicle including a pair of pivotable knuckle arms connected to a pair of respective front wheels and actuatable through a steering gear by rotational movement of a steering wheel. One of the knuckle arms is pivotally connected to one end of a connector rod extending longitudinally of the vehicle, the other end of the connector rod being connected to a cam plate slidable in a housing. The cam plate has an inverted S-shaped cam groove or alternatively an S-shaped cam groove within which is slidably received a pin mounted on a tie rod pivotally connected between a pair of pivotable support arms supporting a pair of rear wheels, respectively. Due to the shape of the cam groove, the rear wheels are turned in the same direction as the front wheels when the steering wheel is rotated through a relatively small angle, and the rear and front wheels are turned in opposite directions when the steering wheel is rotated through a relatively large angle.

Abstract: A carburetor for a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine which has for each cylinder a main combustion chamber defined above the piston in the cylinder and a sub-combustion chamber defined above the main combustion chamber and communicating with the latter through a torch nozzle. The carburetor has a main intake passage and a sub-intake passage for supplying a comparatively lean mixture and a comparatively rich mixture to the main and sub-combustion chambers respectively. The carburetor has a single throttle valve shaft extending across the main and sub-intake passages with a main throttle valve and a sub-throttle valve mounted on the valve shaft and disposed in the main and sub-intake passages respectively. One of the main and sub-throttle valves has an outside diameter smaller than the inside diameter of the associated intake passage so that the ratio of the open areas of the main and sub-intake passages is not constant as the throttle shaft is operated.

Abstract: A method for continuously treating an iron member wherein the iron member is first subjected to furnace-brazing in a controlled gas environment and subsequently to a soft-nitriding treatment by addition of ammonia gas (NH.sub.3) to the controlled gas for the brazing. An apparatus for carrying out the method is also provided, and includes three partitioned chambers for brazing, annealing and soft-nitriding the iron member, each chamber being partitioned by a member such as a stainless steel film curtain at opposite sides thereof. A controlled gas feed system communicates with each of the chambers, and an ammonia gas feed system is connected to the soft-nitriding chamber.

Abstract: A process for balancing a crankshaft having pin portions and associated balancing weight parts which counterbalance the pin parts comprising welding masses to the balancing weight parts to compensate for unbalance of the crankshaft. The welding takes place after the crankshaft has been heat treated. The weld masses are directly formed on opposite sides of peripheral surfaces of the balancing weight parts without any preliminary formation of grooves in the peripheral surfaces for the weld masses.

Abstract: A power steering device for vehicles having a main hydraulic pump and a hydraulic motor type vehicle speed sensor, the number of rotation of which is regulated to be proportional to vehicle speed. In order to make a power steering system safe even when the main pump breaks down, and to warn the driver of trouble in the power steering system by the increase of resistance to the steering operation, an emergency switchover device is provided to alter a hydraulic motor functioning as the vehicle speed sensor to a substitute hydraulic power source when a main power source breaks down.

Abstract: A reed valve in the form of a plate fixed at one end and bendable into and out of contact with a valve seat is operated by differential pressures and acts as a check-valve. The reed valve has cavities in the surface thereof with unitary strengthening frame members separating these cavities. Specific patterns of cavities and frame members are employed to achieve the desired performance of the valve.

Abstract: An operation oil supply apparatus in oil pressure operated type transmission of such an arrangement that there are contained, in a transmission casing, high speed and low speed driving trains having therein high speed and low speed oil pressure clutches mounted on a pair of rotary shafts, and a valve block having a manual valve and a shift valve, and the manual valve has a 1st forward running range in which oil supply is given selectively to any of the oil pressure clutches and a 2nd forward running range in which oil supply to the high speed oil pressure clutch is cutoff and oil supply is given to the low speed oil pressure clutch. The high speed oil pressure clutch is arranged to be given oil supply by such an arrangement that an oil supply pipe projecting from the transmission casing is inserted in a center opening made in the rotary shaft supporting the clutch.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling an oil-pressure-operated transmission for a vehicle, with a transmission having at least two forward speeds driven by oil pressure clutches, a reverse speed using one of these clutches, and a selector for shifting from forward speed to reverse to engage any of the forward and reverse trains. A manual valve is placed in the transmission hydraulic circuit so that when the manual valve is in automatic shift range on the forward running side, the selector is shifted to its forward running side and the oil pressure clutches in the forward driving trains receive pressure oil from an oil pressure source through a shift valve. When the manual valve is in its reverse position, the selector is shifted to its reverse side and oil is ported to the oil pressure clutch used jointly by the forward and reverse driving trains. The manual valve is located in an oil passage between the shift valve and the jointly used oil pressure clutch.

Abstract: An entirely mechanical air bag device for cars wherein a frangible lid seals a container having gas under pressure therein. The frangible lid is supported by a pressing lid in contact with a link mechanism. During a crash, an impact detecting assembly releases the link mechanism which in turn releases the pressing lid which permits the frangible lid to be fractured by the high pressure gas to inflate the bag.

Abstract: A front wheel suspension mechanism for a vehicle having two front wheels. The suspension mechanism includes two transverse leaf springs mounted on a front portion of the frame of the vehicle and vertically spaced apart from each other, supports for supporting the front wheels, and elastic members for connecting both ends of the leaf springs and the front wheel supports.

Abstract: A rear seat apparatus for cars which have a sitting space and a luggage space, the spaces communicating with each other but being normally substantially sectioned by a foldable rear seat back. In order to attain a comfortable position of the rear seat for occupants thereof, while also attaining variable capacity of the luggage space, a reclining device and an operating mechanism therefor is provided on the rear seat back. The operating mechanism is provided in the upper middle part of the back surface of the rear seat back for maximum operating convenience.

Abstract: A trouble diagnosing device of a control circuit for receiving, as input signals, signals containing information on controlled means and producing, as output signals, control signals for controlling the controlled means on the basis of the input signals, includes modulator means for modulating the input signals by means of a modulation signal having a trouble diagnosing discrimination waveform, and a trouble diagnosing circuit for producing an output signal indicating trouble in the control circuit system when the output signals of said control circuit systems produced upon receipt of the input signals modulated by the modulator means, contain an abnormal signal.In an embodiment of the invention, the modulator means modulate input signals by means of a trouble diagnosing modulation signal having such a small pulse width that electromagnetic actuators for controlling the controlled means are not able to respond thereto.

Abstract: A dialyzer apparatus in an artificial kidney system comprising a dialyzer main body having therein a blood flow passage and a dialyzing liquid flow passage separated by a dialyzing membrane. Integrally formed at the front surface of the main body is an air removal chamber which is in communication with the outlet of the blood flow passage and a liquid level adjusting chamber which is in communication with the air removal chamber. A pipe passage extends downwards from the air removal chamber for return of purified blood to the patient. The main body of the dialyzer is also integrally formed at its rear surface with a pair of further pipe passages which are respectively in communication with the inlet and outlet of the dialyzing liquid flow passage. A bottom cover member has a pair of medical liquid chambers integrally formed therewith and the bottom cover is mounted on and connected to the lower surface of the main body.

Abstract: A carburetor herein disclosed includes a low speed spray aperture defined on the side wall of an intake duct at a position opposed to a throttle valve inside the intake duct and feeding a fuel for low speed operation in accordance with the degree of opening of the throttle valve, and a by-pass passage having, on the side wall portion of the intake duct, an intake port and a controlling stream spray port whereby the former is defined on the upstream side of the throttle valve and the latter, on the downstream side of the throttle valve. The by-pass passage incorporates therein a controlling nozzle which sprays a jet stream towards the controlling steam spray port. In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, an acceleration nozzle is additionally disposed in the by-pass passage, the nozzle opening into the by-pass passage on the upstream side of the controlling nozzle and spraying an acceleration fuel into the by-pass passage.

Abstract: A hydraulic shock absorber which includes a first cylinder closed at the top thereof and having a piston rod which axially extends from the top of the first cylinder and through the interior thereof and provided at the lower end with a piston; and a second cylinder closed at the bottom and telescopically received within the first cylinder. The second cylinder is provided with two radial partition walls having respective hole portions defining oil paths between them and the piston rod. A ring-like elastic member is fitted on the piston rod within a chamber defined between the two partition walls so as to function as a check valve for the oil paths defined between the hole portions in the partition walls and the piston rod. The piston rod is provided with an inner oil path extending therethrough and with a check valve arranged in the inner oil path, thereby compensating for a loss of damping function when the oil path around the piston rod is closed.