Abstract: Refractory wall structure, suitable in particular for use in a metallurgical vessel for a continuous production of crude iron in a smelting reduction process under conditions of an extremely high thermal load in a highly abrasive environment of molten slag with a high FeO content, comprising, going from the outside to the inside, (1) a steel jacket; (2) a water-cooled copper wall; (3) water-cooled copper ledges extending towards the inside; (4) a lining of refractory material resting on the ledges.

Abstract: A plant for a smelting reduction process for pig iron production using coal and oxygen-containing gas is obtained by converting an existing blast furnace plant by replacing the blast furnace by apparatus including at least one metallurgical vessel for carrying out the smelting reduction process, while retaining at least partly at least one of the following components of the existing blast furnace plant:i) storage bins for iron oreii) storage bins for coke, as storage bins for coaliii) a casting house, for tapping of the metallurgical vesseliv) a gas discharge system for hot gas including dedusting means,v) a cooling water supply system.

Abstract: A plant for a smelting reduction process for pig iron production using coal and oxygen-containing gas is obtained by converting an existing blast furnace plant by replacing the blast furnace by apparatus including at least one metallurgical vessel for carrying out the smelting reduction process, while retaining at least partly at least one of the following components of the existing blast furnace plant:i) storage bins for iron oreii) storage bins for coke, as storage bins for coaliii) a casting house, for tapping of the metallurgical vesseliv) a gas discharge system for hot gas including dedusting means,v) a cooling water supply system.

Abstract: The processing of aluminium dross containing Al and Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 originating from aluminium production, comprises the steps of separating aluminium from the dross to produce a dross residue and reacting the dross residue at a temperature above 1360.degree. C. with a calcium-oxygen compound to form calcium aluminate as an at least partially melted material. To obtain a product specially suitable for use in steel-making, the calcium aluminate is rapidly cooled to form a glassy solid product. The two steps may be performed in the same vessel, which has a suitable refractory lining.

Abstract: Full-aperture easy-open metal can-end for a can of the lift-up type with a tab, having an endless score-line close to its outer circumference of the can-end, wherein the removable part is profiled with a plurality of terraces at different heights, including an outer terrace close to the outer circumference of the can-end, an innermost terrace and at least one intermediate terrace. Adjacent terraces merge into one another with a height transition. To achieve low tear-force and/or other advantages, the intermediate terrace is inclined in a direction opposite to that of the outwardly adjoining transition at an angle .alpha. in the range 3 to 20 degrees to a plane perpendicular to the can axis.

Abstract: Apparatus for producing molten pig iron by direct reduction of iron ore, comprises(i) a metallurgical vessel, in which with supply of coal and oxygen the iron ore undergoes a final reduction with production of a process gas and said process gas undergoes a partial post-combustion, and(ii) a melting cyclone in which the iron ore undergoes a pre-reduction and is melted. To improve the control of the thermal flows and to reduce maintenance, the vessel has(a) a top part, in which the partial post-combustion of said process gas takes place, in the form of a pressure-resistant hood having an interior wall comprising cooling water pipes, and(b) a bottom part for accommodating an iron bath having a slag layer in which said final reduction of said iron ore takes place, the bottom part having an internal refractory lining and means for water cooling the internal refractory lining.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for production of iron from iron compounds is provided. There is a first stage of pre-reducing the iron compounds in a first chamber having a rotationally symmetrical wall, and a second stage of further reducing the iron compounds in a second chamber below the first chamber, fuel and oxygen being supplied to the second chamber. A reducing gas passes upwardly into the first chamber to effect the pre-reduction therein. Oxygen is fed to the first chamber. The iron compounds in the first chamber at least partly melt and then flow downwardly along the wall towards said second chamber. The iron compounds are introduced into the first chamber in particle form and by means of a carrier gas which provides one or more jets. The oxygen is fed into the first chamber at least partly in the form of one or more jets having tangential components.

Abstract: A method of treating a flow of gas containing oxidized sulphur compounds, such as an exhaust gas from coal combustion, comprising the steps of (i) treating the flow of gas to obtain a first component flow containing at least 30% of the total oxidized sulphur compounds and a second component flow containing at least a part of the remainder of the total oxidized sulphur compounds; (ii) converting the first component flow into a concentrated gas containing at least 2.5% by volume of sulphur compounds; (iii) converting oxidized sulphur compounds in the second component flow into hydrogen sulphide; and (iv) supplying the concentrated gas of step (ii) and the hydrogen sulphide of step (iii) to an apparatus for manufacturing either sulfuric acid, sulphur dioxide or elemental sulphur.

Abstract: A method making pig iron employs an in-bath direct reduction performed in a metallurgical vessel which has above it a melting cyclone in which iron-oxide-containing material fed thereinto is pre-reduced by hot reducing gas coming from the vessel. Molten material passes downwardly from the melting cyclone into the vessel. In order to recover zinc from a dust containing zinc and/or zinc oxide, the dust is fed into the melting cyclone. Zinc is allowed to vaporize out of the dust into the hot gas in the melting cyclone. The hot gas containing zinc is discharged from the melting cyclone, and zinc-containing material is extracted from this hot gas.