Abstract: A process for the preparation of compounds of the formulaR.sub.n Ar(CF.sub.w' X.sub.p').sub.Zcomprises contacting compounds of the formulaR.sub.n Ar(CF.sub.w X.sub.p).sub.Zin the liquid phase, with hydrogen fluoride in the presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of pentachloride and pentafluoride of tantalum, niobium and rhenium.Ar is aryl;R is a substituent on the aryl nucleus selected from the group consisting of aryl, substituted aryl, halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, and substituted alkyl;N is 0 to 9;X is halogen atom other than fluorine;W is 0 to 2;P is 1 to 3;W' is 1 to 3, and is greater than w;P' is 0 to 2, and is less than p;W + p is 3;W' + p' is 3;Z is 1-10; andThe maximum value of n + Z is 10.

Abstract: Aromatic polyester compositions having improved hydrolytic stability comprise, in admixture, (1) a linear aromatic polyester prepared from an aromatic dicarboxylic acid and a bisphenol, and (2) a polymer comprising the reaction product of a styrene/maleic anhydride copolymer and a diene rubber.

Abstract: Dimensionally stable, pigmentable polyester molding compositions comprise:A) polymerizable polyester component; andB) an additive component comprising discrete particles of less than about 50 microns diameter of a lightly cross-linked vinyl chloride polymer having a glass transition temperature of below about 100.degree. C and which is chemically inert with respect to the polyester component and is swellable but insoluble therein.The additive component is a vinyl chloride polymer or copolymer lightly cross-linked with a suitable polyfunctional monomer, such as a diacrylate.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell suitable for use in electrolyzing ionizable chemical compounds, particularly alkali metal halide brines and hydrohalic acids, which comprises a cell body having an anode compartment containing a porous anode and a cathode compartment containing a cathode said compartments being separated from each other by a prestretched, taut membrane barrier which is substantially impervious to gases and liquids and which is selected from a hydrolyzed copolymer of a perfluorinated hydrocarbon and a sulfonated perfluorinated hydrocarbon and a sulfonated perfluorovinyl ether, and a sulfostyrenated perfluorinated ethylene propylene polymer, said barrier being pretreated by hydrolyzing and stretching prior to insertion in the cell.Such cells can be operated at constant low voltage, and are not subject to erratic operating voltages which are due, in part at least, to the accumulation of gases between the anode and diaphragm.

Abstract: An improved process for imparting durable flame retardancy to textile materials wherein said material is impregnated with a solution having a poly(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium cation content of from about 10 to about 60 percent by weight, dried to a moisture content of from about 0 to about 8 percent, aerated by passing air through the dried material, cured by polymerizing the monomer on and in the cellulose material with exposure in an enclosed chamber to an atmosphere containing gaseous ammonia and thereafter contacting with water, the improvement comprising, impregnating said material with a poly(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium cation containing solution and a basic catalyst, said solution having a pH of from about 2 to about 9, and after contacting said material with said water, further exposing said material to an atmosphere containing gaseous ammonia.

Abstract: A method of imparting flame retardant character to cellulosic containing material by applying an effective fire retarding imparting amount of a phosphorous composition to the material and curing the phosphorous composition, the improvement comprising pretreating the material with an aqueous caustic solution prior to applying the phosphorous composition, wherein the material contains at least 20% polyester.

Abstract: A technique for affixing anode support rods to the wall of a chlor-alkali type of electrolytic cell, wherein the support rod is positioned and affixed to the cell wall through a welding operation providing a leak proof seal and electrical contact, as well as providing for its easy removal and replacement for maintenance purposes.

Abstract: An electrode assembly for an electrolysis cell is provided comprising at least two opposed electrode working faces, and placing between the working faces a resilient, compressible member against which compression of the electrode takes place during its insertion into the cell. Upon inserting said electrode assembly into a smaller opening within the cell, which opening is defined by the adjacent electrodes, compression of the resilient, compressible elastic member through insertion of the electrode assembly into the opening takes place and automatically guides the assembly such that its working faces are correctly positioned relative to the adjacent electrodes. The degree of compression of each electrode assembly is determined by spacer assembly guides or appendages mounted on the electrode face. These guides determine the gap between the electrode face and adjacent electrodes.

Abstract: A method for evaporating a liquor comprised of a solvent and solute in a multiple external heat exchanger type evaporator having a vapor body means with an inlet means and an outlet means comprising the steps:1. Passing the liquor out of the vapor body outlet means into a first heat exchanger means, having an inlet means and an outlet means;2. Passing the liquor from the outlet means of the first heat exchanger means to an inlet means of a second heat exchanger means, said second heat exchanger means also having an outlet means;3. Passing the liquor from the outlet means of the second heat exchanger means into the vapor body means;4. Heating the liquor at a temperature greater than its boiling point as it passes through the multiple heat exchanger means; and5. Vaporizing a portion of the solvent segment of the liquor in the vapor body after the liquor leaves the multiple heat exchanger means.

Abstract: A composition suitable for the protection of corrodible metal surfaces which comprises a binder and a filler. The filler is constituted of a mixture of a comminuted refractory ferro alloy and a non-metallic inhibitor such as zinc chromate or zinc yellow, the latter being present in an amount sufficient to enhance the corrosion protection and weldability of the coated metal surfaces. Various binders, both inorganic and organic, may be used and the filler is preferably a mixture of a major amount of ferrophos (Fe.sub.2 P) and a minor amount, e.g., about 10 percent by weight of the filler, of zinc yellow.

Abstract: This disclosure is directed to fluorocarbon polymers, polymeric membranes, and electrochemical cells and processes. The polymers and membranes are produced by radiation techniques to provide improved products. For example, .alpha.,.beta.,.beta.-trifluorostyrene in an inert organic solvent is grafted onto an inert film, such as tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, by irradiation, i.e. with Co-60 gamma radiation at a dose of several Mrad. The grafted film is then sulfonated, preferably in a chlorosulfonic acid bath. The resulting film is useful as a membrane or diaphragm in various electrochemical cells such as chlor-alkali or fuel cells.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of benzoyl halide and meta-halosulfonyl benzoyl halide comprises adding to oleum and reacting therewith a benzotrihalide compound characterized by the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is bromine or chlorine and Y is individually selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, alkyl, preferably of one to six carbon atoms, halosubstituted alkyl, preferably trichloromethyl or tribromomethyl, aryl, preferably phenyl, and hydrogen, with the proviso that at least one Y substituent at a meta position is hydrogen.

Abstract: Polymerizable polyester molding compositions having good shrinkage control comprise (1) a polymerizable polyester, and (2) a low profile additive comprising the reaction product of a styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer and a polydiene having terminal hydroxyl groups.

Abstract: An improved anode structure for a chlor-alkali type diaphragm cell wherein the anode is a porous, valve metal, e.g., titanium, anode having on one side a coating of a noble metal or noble metal oxide and on the uncoated side a membrane composed essentially of a cation-active permselective material which is substantially impervious to liquids and gases. The membrane covered surface is disposed spaced from but facing the cathode member.Anodes of this improved structure give minimum cell voltage and a surprisingly reduced consumption rate of the noble metal or oxide coating.

Abstract: Halogenated derivatives of the Diels-Alder adducts of norbornenes and halocyclopentadienes are excellent fire retardant additives for polymers free of nitrogen in the monomeric units of the polymer chain, the additive-containing polymers being characterized by exceptional heat stability; excellent mechanical properties and improved molding characteristics.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of compounds of the formulaR.sub.n Ar(CF.sub.2w.spsb.' X.sub.p.spsb.').sub.Zcomprises contacting compounds of the formulaR.sub.n Ar(CF.sub.w X.sub.p).sub.Zin the liquid phase, with hydrogen fluoride in the presense of molybdenum chloride whereinAr is arylR is a substituent on the aryl nucleus selected from the group consisting of aryl, substituted aryl, halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, and substituted alkyl;n is 0 to 9;X is halogen atom other than fluorine;W is 0 to 2;p is 1 to 3;w' is 1 to 3, and is greater than w;p' is 0 to 2, and is less than p;W + p is 3;w' + p' is 3;Z is 1-10; andThe maximum value of n + Z is 10.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for the electrochemical hydroxylation of aromatic compounds ring-substituted with an electron-withdrawing moiety and having a replaceable nuclear hydrogen. An aqueous liquid comprising the aromatic substrate and the anion of a strong carboxylic acid provided by a strong carboxylic acid or the salt of a strong carboxylic acid is electrolyzed to produce a nuclear-substituted hydroxy derivative of the aromatic substrate wherein the hydroxy group replaces a nuclear hydrogen.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for the electrochemical hydroxylation of aromatic compounds ring-substituted with an electron-withdrawing moiety and having a replaceable nuclear hydrogen. An aqueous liquid comprising the aromatic substrate and the anion of a strong carboxylic acid provided by a strong carboxylic acid or the salt of a strong carboxylic acid is electrolyzed to produce a nuclear-substituted hydroxy derivative of the aromatic substrate wherein the hydroxy group replaces a nuclear hydrogen.

Abstract: A process for the selective mono.alpha.-chlorination of alkyl chloroaromatic compounds comprises reacting chlorine with an alkyl chloroaromatic compound of the formula: ##STR1## WHERE R is methyl or ethyl and n is 1 or 2; in the presence of an organic sulfide catalyst selected from the group consisting of aryl sulfides, alkyl sulfides, alkylaryl sulfides and heterocyclic sulfides.

Abstract: Thianthrene compounds are prepared by adding sulfur monochloride to an excess of a benzene compound in the presence of aluminum chloride, and reacting to form a thianthrene compound as an insoluble aluminum chloride complex; slurrying the complex in an inert organic liquid; treating the slurry with a Lewis base, such as ammonia to free the thianthrene compound from the complex.