Abstract: A polymeric composition containing more than 5% halogen can be improved in heat and light stability by the incorporation therein of small amounts of a novel stabilizer which is the metallic salt of the reaction product of an alpha-olefin with maleic anhydride.The stabilizers of the invention can be used either alone or in combination with conventional stabilizers for halogen containing polymeric materials.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the preparation of arsenic trifluoride which comprises reacting arsenic trichloride with one or more molten fluoride salts.

Abstract: Brominated phosphoramidates of the structure ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, chloro, bromo, and chloro or bromo substituted alkyl of from 1 to 8 carbon atoms;R.sup.3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl of from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, hydroxy substituted alkyl of from 1 to 8 carbon atoms and chloro or bromo substituted alkyl of from 1 to 8 carbon atoms;R.sup.4 is independently selected from the group consisting of R.sup.3 and a group of the structure ##STR2## wherein R is selected from the group consisting of alkylene of from 2 to 8 carbon atoms; phenylene, biphenylene and dicyclohexylene; provided that at least one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 contains a bromine atom and at least one of R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 contains a replaceable hydrogen.The phosphoramidates of the present invention are useful to impart a flame retardant property to combustible materials.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for more efficiently operating a heat exchanger wherein heat is exchanged between a scale-forming and a scale-cleaning liquid. The scale-cleaning liquid is passed periodically into the region of the heat exchanger wherein scale from the scale-forming liquid has accumulated, and the effluent is flushed from the heat exchanger.

Abstract: The electrolysis of aqueous alkali metal chloride solutions wherein chlorine is liberated at the anode, is improved through the use of an anode comprising a valve metal substrate, a coating thereon of conductive oxide bronze, and an outer coating of a noble metal oxide.

Abstract: A process for the production of nuclear chlorinated alkylbenzenes comprises reacting an alkylbenzene with chlorine in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a Lewis acid catalyst and a thianthrene co-catalyst. The nuclear chlorinated alkylbenzene products prepared in this manner are characterized by a substantially reduced ratio of orthochloro to parachloro isomer.

Abstract: A process for the production of nuclear chlorinated alkylbenzenes comprises reacting, in the liquid phase, an alkylbenzene with chlorine in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst and a co-catalyst comprising a thianthrene compound or mixture of thianthrene compounds characterized by the formula: ##STR1## where each n is 0 to 1, and each x is hydrogen or an electron-withdrawing substituent with the proviso that at least one x is an electron withdrawing substituent. The monochlorinated alkylbenzene products prepared in this manner are characterized by a desirably low ratio of ortho to para isomer.

Abstract: Removable orifice defining members for improving conventional electrolytic cells of the type where fluid is fed into individual anode and cathode compartments by separate fluid supply headers. The removable orifice defining members are elongated and threadedly located in orifice receiving apertures extending through the headers and communicating with the individual anode and cathode compartments. The members each include an appropriate orifice extending generally longitudinally therethrough for properly metering fluid flow from the headers into the associated compartment. The orifice defining members may be conveniently installed or removed from outside the cell structure and separate end caps are also provided for conveniently closing the outermost ends of the orifice receiving apertures.

Abstract: In a process of bulk vinyl chloride polymerization involving a two stage stationary reaction zone polymerization wherein high speed agitation is used during the first stage and slow speed agitation is used in the second stage, the polymerization in the first stage is conducted in contact with an organic or inorganic, inert, fine particle size material, solid at least at reaction temperatures and insoluble in the monomer or monomers used, or an anionic, cationic, or nonionic surfactant, or mixtures thereof. By the present polymerization method using economical conventional agitation equipment, small particle size polyvinyl chloride homopolymers or copolymers are produced which are useful as extender resins in plastisols.

Abstract: An improved bulk polymerization of vinyl halide is disclosed wherein reactor scale formation is substantially reduced by polymerizing in a single or two stage bulk process a vinyl halide monomer containing up to 50% of a comonomer in contact with a combination of a polyolefin, water, and an inert fine particle size additive which is a solid at the reaction temperature, or water and said additive, optionally in the presence of a surface active agent. Compositions produced by the process of the invention are useful in making films, coated fabrics and molded objects.

Abstract: Normally flammable textile materials are rendered flame retardant by the intimate association therewith of a flame retarding amount of a composition comprising a phosphorus containing N-hydroxy-methyl amide and tetrakis(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium chloride.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for the electrochemical acyloxylation of aromatic compounds ring-substituted with an electron-withdrawing moiety and having a replaceable nuclear hydrogen. An anhydrous liquid comprising the aromatic substrate and the anion of a strong carboxylic acid provided by a strong carboxylic acid or the salt of a strong carboxylic acid is electrolyzed to produce a nuclear-substituted acyloxy derivative of the aromatic substrate wherein the acyloxy group replaces a nuclear hydrogen.

Abstract: Normally flammable fabrics, such as fabrics composed of polypropylene and polyamides such as polycaproamides, poly(m-phenyleneisophthalamides) and the like which have been rendered flame proof by the intimate association therewith of a flame proofing amount of a phosphoric acid are reacted in situ with an epoxy compound. The resultant compositions can be washed in water without substantial loss of flame proof character.

Abstract: In the process for the nuclear chlorination of alkylbenzenes, such as toluene, in the presence of a para-directing catalyst system comprising a substantially iron-free Lewis acid catalyst and thianthrene compound co-catalyst, wherein the reaction mixture is in contact with iron or an alloy thereof, the para-directing effect of the catalyst system is improved by the addition of an amide.

Abstract: Anodes which exhibit electrochemical potentials comparable to zinc are prepared from alloys formed from silicon together with one or more highly reactive elements which are unstable when introduced alone into water. The highly active element component of the alloy is preferably selected from the group consisting of calcium, barium, magnesium, cerium and strontium. Preferably, the active element or elements comprise from about 5 to about 65 percent of the alloy.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein, X is from 1 to 12; Z is a member selected from the group consisting of --H, --NH.sub.4, alkali metal, lower alkyl and lower hydroxyalkyl; R is a member selected from the group consisting of ethylene, 1,2-propylene, 1,2-butylene, 2,3-butylene, styrlene and mixtures thereof; R' is selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted alkylene, alkenylene, cycloalkenylene and cycloalkylene moieties containing at least two nuclear carbon atoms and in which any substituent is selected from the group consisting of carboxy, halo and lower alkyl substituents; M is a member selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbon of 1-20 carbon atoms --RO--H, and ##STR2## wherein R, X, R' and Z are as above defined; and p is an integer from 0-1, providing when p is 0, ##STR3## IS HYDROGEN, ARE NON-STAINING OR SLIGHTLY STAINING ANTIOXIDANTS POSSESSING ANTIOZONANT PROPERTIES FOR USE AS ANTIDEGRADANTS IN COMBINATION WITH OXIDIZABLE ORGANIC SUBSTRATES.

Abstract: A sealant system comprising as a first component a mercaptan-terminated polythioether of the formulaHS[ (RS).sub.n R.sup.1 S].sub.m (RS).sub.n Hwhere R is propylene or trimethylene or mixtures thereof, R.sup.1 may be propylene or mixture of propylene and a substituted cyclohexane radical of the formula ##STR1## wherein the substituted cyclohexane radical is present at about 0.1 to about 3 mole percent of the total moles of R, n is 1 to about 10 and m is 1 to about 200; a filler such as calcium carbonate; a plasticizer selected from the group consisting of chlorinated methylstearate or a phthalate ester or mixtures thereof; an adhesion additive selected from gamma-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane and gamma-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane; and a cure accelerator, selected from the group, tetraethylthiuram disulfide, tetramethylthiuram disulfide, para-quinone dioxime, and tri(dimethylamino)phenol and mixtures thereof, and as a second component, manganese dioxide or lead dioxide.

Abstract: New compounds are disclosed of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R' is phenyl, lower alkenyl and halogen substituted and unsubstituted lower alkyl of 1-6 carbon atoms, m is an integer from 1-2 wherein when m is 2, R is alkoxy of 1-8 carbon atoms and when m is 1, R is alkylene dioxy of 2-8 carbon atoms. The compounds of this invention are useful as flame retardant agents for textile materials and in the production of polymers and copolymers which possess flame retardant properties.

Abstract: A novel electrolytic cell of the vertical electrode type comprising a novel cathode busbar structure, novel cathode elements and a novel anode base structure which enable the novel electrolytic cell to be designed to operate at high current capacities upward to about 500,000 amperes while maintaining high operating efficiencies. These high current capacities provide for high production capacities which result in high production rates for given cell room floor areas and reduce capital investment and operating costs.

Abstract: An improved process for preparing a friction particle results when a thermosettable resin is crosslinked in liquid suspension, producing a friction particle which is insoluble, infusible, has good friction stability and good braking fade resistance, and has a narrow particle size range. Also disclosed is a novel polyester friction particle prepared according to the above process or according to a conventional process.