Abstract: A sample bag for collecting a mixture of gasses for analysis is made of a modified polymer consisting essentially of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) and at most about 2.0 percent perfluoropropylvinylether (PPVE).

Abstract: A sample bag for collecting a mixture of gasses for analysis is made of a modified polymer consisting essentially of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) and at most about 2.0 percent perfluoropropylvinylether (PPVE).

Abstract: A sample bag for collecting a mixture of gasses for analysis is made of a modified polymer consisting essentially of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) and at most about 2.0 percent perfluoropropylvinylether (PPVE).

Abstract: A computerized method and system are provided for determining air/fuel ratio of an engine's combustion process from its exhaust emissions wherein alternative methods for calculating the amount of water in the exhaust emissions are available according to the measurement situation and/or the preference of the user. The calculation types may include calculation types such as the Brettschneider/Spindt calculation type, the Simons calculation type or the no O2 calculation type. Pop-up menus on a computer monitor are used for selecting the basic calculation type. The algorithm of the present invention preferably uses a fixed point iteration wherein an initial value is assumed for oxygen gas which is then used to calculate water moles and then subsequently the water moles is used to calculate another oxygen value. This is repeated until the new value for oxygen gas is no longer significantly different than the old value for oxygen gas. This happens typically after just a few iterations.

Abstract: An apparatus adapted for analyzing exhaust emissions by using a small fraction of a continuously-extracted exhaust sample combined with a pollutant-free diluent through a system of critical flow orifices at a predetermined and precisely controlled flow ratio. A small quantity of gas is extracted from the diluted exhaust gas available which is diluted with the contaminant-free air or nitrogen to produce a mixture having a dew point below ambient air temperature and satisfying the flow requirements of the analysis system. The diluted sample may then be analyzed to obtain the total mass of pollutants through identification of the instantaneous exhaust concentration rate and the exhaust mass flow rate or through identification of the concentration of pollutants collected in a sample bag and the total exhaust volume.

Abstract: A mixing system includes a dilution inlet, an elbow duct, and a gaseous inlet in flow communication with the elbow duct along the elbow duct outer turning radius. The elbow duct has a first end in flow communication with the dilution inlet, and a second end outlet for connecting to external equipment, such as a sampling system.

Abstract: A system and method for deadweight calibrating a dynamometer having an output indicative of a motor action is provided. A weight cart has a base and defines a working axis non-parallel to the base. A hanger arm is adjustably mounted to the weight cart for movement relative to the weight cart along the working axis. The hanger arm has a loading surface for holding a plurality of calibration weights. The hanger arm loading surface is configured with respect to a loading surface on a dynamometer calibration arm such that movement of the hanger arm incrementally places the calibration weight on the calibration arm loading surface to simulate motor action and allow calibration of the dynamometer.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are adapted for analyzing exhaust emissions by using a small fraction of a continuously-extracted exhaust sample combined with a pollutant-free diluent through a system of critical flow orifices at a predetermined and precisely controlled flow ratio. A small quantity of gas is extracted from the diluted exhaust gas available which is diluted with the contaminant-free air or nitrogen to produce a mixture having a dew point below ambient air temperature and satisfying the flow requirements of the analysis system.

Abstract: A dry particle analyzer includes a vibrating sieve cup drizzling particles downwardly with first, second, and third sheath air flows being provided to separate the particles from boundary walls and to form the drizzling particles into a columnated flow for optical analysis. The particles drop vertically as a drizzle with gravitational assistance from a bulk sample to an analysis chamber. Along the way to the analysis chamber, the particles are subjected to an interval of high air flow shear, and to high turbulence of the air flow to break up agglomerations of particles.

Abstract: A dry particle analyzer includes a vibrating sieve cup drizzling particles downwardly with first and second sheath air flows provided to separate the particles from boundary walls and to form the drizzling particles into a curtain for optical analysis. The particles drop vertically as a drizzle with gravitational assistance from a bulk sample to the analysis passage, after which their direction of movement is changed to horizontal and then upward for removal from the analyzer.

Abstract: A particle analyzer includes a vibratory driver for particulate samples which are received in a sample cup to be drizzled under controller vibration to an analysis cell of the analyzer along with a conveying air stream. The driver is arranged to impose orbital oscillatory motion in a vertical plane on the sample cup to roll the sample while assisting in sifting of the sample through conventional sieve screen sample cups. Avoidance of vibratory classification of the sample by particle size while the test is in progress, as well as avoidance of sample compaction is achieved with the described driver. Additionally, an improved predictability of sample feed rate control results from the use of the orbital driver also with a novel sample cup not utilizing a sieve screen, but employing the inherent characteristic of particulate materials to form an repose angle when piled up.

Abstract: Large crystals of alkali halide materials are presently produced using the Bridgman-Stockbarger method and result in state-of-the-art crystals of up to 30" in diameter and 20" in height. Both residual impurity concentrations and dopant concentrations have been difficult to control because the segregation coefficients are not equal to unity. As a result, the residual impurity and dopant concentrations can vary drastically across the length of the crystal. By adding additional charging material to the melt during the crystallization process, the residual impurity and dopant concentrations can be kept nearly constant throughout the length of the crystal. By adding charging material to the melt during crystallization, the overall length of a manufactured crystal can be increased dramatically.