Abstract: A device is provided for a meter having an indicator, e.g. a pointer, and which detects the presence or absence of the meter pointer at one or more set points or between two set points. The device does not alter the operation of the meter and may be coupled to an alarm or other signal, or it may be used to actuate a mechanism under control of the meter. The device comprises at least one light-emitting diode which produces radiation which falls on a specific area of the meter face and on the meter pointer (if it is within that area) and is reflected from the meter face (and the pointer) to a phototransistor or other suitable receiver which "reads" the signal produced by the radiation reflected from the meter face and the pointer, if present in the area read. The device is mounted so that it can be moved to any desired area of the meter face. Preferably the device is mounted externally to the meter. However, it may be enclosed within the usual meter housing, without altering the operation of the meter.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for monitoring the buildup of fog in a non-silver free radical film while a latent image in said film is being optically developed, wherein the buildup of fog is sensed by radiation directed at a non-image area of said film and reflected from said area to a sensing device. The reflected radiation is altered as the buildup of fog takes place.

Abstract: 1. A fully vitrified ceramic element comprising a thin wafer having at least one aperture extending through said wafer, and perpendicular to the major surfaces of said wafer, the composition of said wafer consisting essentially of between 10 and 50 mole percent of at least one oxide selected from the group consisting of the oxides of Cs, Rb, K, Be, Mg, Ca, Ba, Sr, Ce, La, Yt and Zn, and between 90 and 40 mole percent of oxide of a metal selected from the group consisting of titanium, tin and niobium and between 0.5 and 3 mole percent of an oxide forming compound of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ag, Au, Pd, Mo, W, and Sb.

Abstract: This invention relates to free-radical, non-silver, photosensitive films, particularly those suitable for optical development as described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,510,300. The invention comprises the incorporation of compounds which contain an imine (--C.dbd.N--) function and a hydroxyl group into otherwise known photosensitive compositions to improve optical development and to retard dark fogging so as to thereby provide aging stability to such compositions. Preferably, an additional improvement comprises provision of an overcoat for the photosensitive composition of this invention when in the form of thin films on a support such as a polyester or a paper sheet or glass plate. The overcoat acts to improve the shelf life and photosensitometric properties of the photosensitive composition.

Abstract: A process for upgrading polyesters derived from aromatic dicarboxylic acids which comprises reaction of the polyester material (both virgin and scrap) in an aprotic polar solvent with any of the following:A. diisocyanates represented by the general formula R(NCO).sub.2 with difunctional reagents in which the functionality is selected from --OH, --NH and/or --COOH; and,B. isocyanate terminated polymers alone or with the above difunctional reagents.The invention also includes stabilization of the products obtained from the above, with organic phosphites.The polyester products, whether or not stabilized, are found to be upgraded with respect to both molecular weight and processability as compared with the starting material and are readily recoverable in powder form which is most desirable for subsequent use.

Abstract: A colored image in a polymer binder is obtained by polymerization of a mixture comprising (1) at least one polymerizable monomer, (2) a halogen containing activator (free radical source), (3) a binder, and (4) at least one normally bleachable dye, dissolved in such mixture; the polymerization being accomplished by imagewise exposure of said composition to a suitable dose of radiation, and is accompanied by fixing of the dye to the photopolymer. As a consequence, the dyes lose their bleaching characteristic and when the exposed areas are developed with a strong acid such as one which would normally bleach the dye, the dye is bleached from only the unexposed areas. If the developer also includes an aliphatic alcohol, the unexposed areas may be removed, leaving a relief image with color in the raised portions.

Abstract: A composition suitable as a negative working photoresist composition comprising an N-vinyl compound such as N-vinyl carbazole, an organic halogen compound which is a source of free radicals, and as a binder, a maleic acid anhydride modified rosin. The resist composition is deposited on a suitable support and is exposed to a pattern of radiation in the usual way. A negative image is obtained by development with an alkaline liquid.

Abstract: This invention provides photosensitive compositions based on leuco dye and dye bases and which exhibit improved sensitivity and improved resistance to dark fogging as a consequence of the incorporation of organic bis-sulfide or sulfinyl ester compounds into photosensitive compositions comprising at least one leuco dye and at least one styryl, cyanine or merocyanine dye base. Preferably an additional improvement comprises provision of an overcoat for the photosensitive composition of this invention when in the form of thin films on a support such as a polyester or a paper sheet or glass plate. The overcoat acts to improve the shelf life and photosensitometric properties of the photosensitive composition.

Abstract: This invention relates to free-radical, non-silver,photosensitive films, particularly those suitable for optical development as described in United States Patent 3,510,300. The invention comprises the incorporation of metal di-substituted dithiocarbamates and dithiophosphinates into otherwise known photosensitive compositions to inhibit fog formation and to provide aging stability to such compositions. Preferably, an additional improvement comprises provision of an overcoat for the photosensitive composition of this invention when in the form of thin films on a support such as a polyester of a paper sheet or glass plate. The overcoat acts to improve the shelf life and photosensitometric properties of the photosensitive composition.

Abstract: Combustion products, especially those from electric power generating installations burning high sulfur fuels are treated to remove solids and then to separate physically sulfur containing constituents, such as SO.sub.2 and/or SO.sub.3 from other gases in the combustion products mixture by means of an ultra high speed gas centrifuge or a gas cyclone. The recovered oxides of sulfur in a heated condition are utilized in any desired chemical reaction. For example, they may be passed over dry NaCl and reacted therewith to yield sodium sulfate and chlorine, both of which can be recovered, and/or they may be passed directly over suitable catalysts in the presence of air to produce a pure grade of sulfur trioxide which can be absorbed in water to manufacture concentrated sulfuric acid.

Abstract: Soluble polyphosphazenes which can be cured at moderate temperatures by the action of moisture are obtained when polyphosphazenes containing small amounts of OH functionality in the side chains are reacted with an excess of polyisocyanate in the presence of a suitable catalyst.

Abstract: HIgh molecular weight poly(dihalophosphazenes) which exhibit solubility in benzene and in substituted benzenes are prepared in solution or in bulk from dihalophosphazenes such as (Cl.sub.2 PN).sub.3.sub.-7 at moderate temperatures by the use of novel polymerization catalysts.

Abstract: Triamino pyridine compounds, and their precursors, are described from which polymers exhibiting excellent thermal stability are prepared by reaction with selected di-, tri- or tetra-functional acid derivatives.

Abstract: Additions of small amounts of fine particle size specialized monoclinic inorganic crystals to otherwise relatively pure polyalkylene terephthalate molding compounds increases the rate and extent of crystallization and the specific gravity of the polyalkylene terephthalate molded part. Both low and high molecular weight polyalkylene terephthalates are improved with regard to physical properties and dimensional stability through addition of these small quantities of these specialized monoclinic materials. Under controlled conditions of injection and forming, anisotropic properties may be obtained as a consequence of the effect and extent of the crystallization of the polyalkylene terephthalates which has been promoted by these strongly active nucleating agents.

Abstract: Fire resistant poly(phosphazene) vulcanizates can be produced as foams or as foam coatings. The resulting articles exhibit excellent flame retardancy.

Abstract: A method for monitoring the optical development of non-silver free radical film in which the fog buildup in a selected non-image portion of the film is used to control the intensity and/or duration of the development exposure so as to insure a desired level of contrast between image and non-image areas in the developed film.

Abstract: An improved synthesis of N,N',N",N'"-tetra-salicylidene pentaerythrityl tetramine via pentaerythrityl benzene or toluene sulfonates.

Abstract: The keeping qualities (shelf life), and photographic speed of non-silver free radical photosensitive materials are increased by the incorporation of at least one of each of three classes of additives, namely:(1) a stabilizer, usually an alcohol or a phenol;(2) a speed enhancer; and(3) a compound which enhances the capability of heat fixing of films containing both (1) and (2).

Abstract: The preparation of leucodihydroanthracenes represented by the general formula ##SPC1##Wherein each of Z and Z' is selected from the group consisting of H and dialkylamino, and at least one Z is dialkylamino and each Q is selected from the group consisting of H and alkyl (C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: This application describes a photosensitive composition which prints out directly as a black or near neutral image when exposed photographically and which has a greatly improved speed.