Abstract: A device for dry development of photoresists, etching of semiconductor devices, fabrication of photomasks and removal of photoresist materials is described. The device includes a reaction chamber, a means for evacuating the reaction chamber, a supply of and means for introducing one or more reactive gases to the reaction chamber, a controllable relatively low-voltage direct-current power supply to generate a gas plasma in the reaction chamber, planar electrodes to confine the plasma energy to specific target areas in the chamber, means for defining and controlling the temperature of targets to be processed in the chamber and means for modifying and controlling the temperature of the plasma generating gas. The device and the manner of using the same are described.

Abstract: A photosensitive composition useful as a photoresist which may be completely processed by dry techniques, especially by means of an oxygen plasma.The composition includes an N-vinylmonomer and an organic hydrogen compound in a binder which contributes significantly to the utility of the composition in the fabrication of micro-electronic devices.

Abstract: A non-silver photosensitive image forming composition containing at least one substituted bis-diaryl vinylidene compound and/or at least one substituted bis-diaryl imine compound and tetraiodoethylene in a dried photosensitive layer thickness not exceeding 3 microns in layer thickness, the nature of the substitution being such that substantially any high extinction absorption peak or combination of high extinction absorption peaks is available from a family of compositions covering the range of 350 to 900 nm in wavelength, said composition being placed on a transparent or reflective substrate fitted with a compatible adhesive for the photosensitive layer not more than 0.

Abstract: Carbon monoxide and hydrogen are produced by spraying a mixture of molten sodium and/or potassium from one nozzle into a chamber maintained at a temperature of 650.degree. C. to 850.degree. C. along with one or more separated sprays containing a slurry of carbon, water and carbon dioxide so that the various sprays contact each other in said hot chamber so constructed so that the reactants are forced into a suitably constructed reactor containing iron and/or its oxide in a semifluid bed powdered condition. Preferably, the reactor contains mixtures of the metals and/or oxides taken from the class of iron, cobalt, nickel and manganese. In a cyclic reaction, the metallic sodium is reconstituted along with continued production of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, the iron type component remaining in the reactor which as a consequence of the reagents and conditions is cyclically oxidized to oxides of iron type elements and reduced to finely divided iron and/or mixtures of iron, cobalt, nickel and manganese.

Abstract: High molecular weight poly(dihalophosphazenes) which exhibit solubility in benzene and in substituted benzenes are prepared in solution or in bulk from dihalophosphazenes such as (Cl.sub.2 PN).sub.3-7 at moderate temperatures by the use of novel polymerization catalysts.

Abstract: A device is provided for a meter having an indicator, e.g. a pointer, and which detects the presence or absence of the meter pointer at one or more set points or between two set points. The device does not alter the operation of the meter and may be coupled to an alarm or other signal, or it may be used to actuate a mechanism under control of the meter. The device comprises at least one light-emitting diode which produces radiation which falls on a specific area of the meter face and on the meter pointer (if it is within that area) and is reflected from the meter face (and the pointer) to a phototransistor or other suitable receiver which "reads" the signal produced by the radiation reflected from the meter face and the pointer, if present in the area read. The device is mounted so that it can be moved to any desired area of the meter face. Preferably the device is mounted externally to the meter. However, it may be enclosed within the usual meter housing, without altering the operation of the meter.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for monitoring the buildup of fog in a non-silver free radical film while a latent image in said film is being optically developed, wherein the buildup of fog is sensed by radiation directed at a non-image area of said film and reflected from said area to a sensing device. The reflected radiation is altered as the buildup of fog takes place.

Abstract: An electrostatic aperture printer employing a gating mask placed between a source of ions and a charge receiving member to generate imagery consisting of aggregations of elemental dots or line segments formed in response to electronic control signals wherein the improvement lies in electrically biasing the mask or mask segments in such a way that the functions of ion collection and control are combined in the region between the mask and a charge receptor backing electrode via the establishment of appropriate transmission or blocking fields. Further electrostatic printing improvements incorporated are the development of useful charge receptor holddown forces via static or rolling backing electrode structures designed to make constructive use of the longitudinal tension normally developed in receptor web handling, and enhanced ion transmission achieved by means of shaped aplanar mask structures incorporating zones fabricated from insulating material.

Abstract: Scrap photographic film comprising at least a four component system involving a polyalkyleneterephthalate film base, an adhesive or subbing layer utilizing a terpolymer consisting chiefly of polyvinylidenechloride and a gelatin layer containing metallic silver or a compound thereof and a variety of contaminants such as causal dirt, dyes and the like is broken down for recovery of the valuable constituents therein including the silver, the polyvinylidenechloride terpolymer, and the polyesters by treating the chopped photographic film at an elevated temperature with a solvent for both the polyester and polyvinylidenechloride values in which solvent both the gelatin and silver values are insoluble, under conditions chosen to insure the quantitative recovery of the silver values.

Abstract: Soluble precyclized precursors to polybenzimidazoles and similar polyheterocyclic polymers are prepared by reacting (1) an acid derivative such as a bis(acid halide) or mono(acid halide)anhydride or dianhydride of a di-, tri-, or tetra-basic acid, with (2) an acid salt of a tetraaminopyridine in which the four position is substituted with an alkyl group, or with (2) an acid salt of an .alpha.,.alpha.-N,N'-disubstituted tetraaminopyridine, or with (2) an acid salt of a N,N'-disubstituted bipyridyl compound.

Abstract: Carbon monoxide and hydrogen are produced by spraying a mixture of molten sodium and/or potassium from one nozzle into a chamber maintained at a temperature of 650.degree. C. to 850.degree. C. along with one or more separated sprays containing a slurry of carbon, water and carbon dioxide so that the various sprays contact each other in said hot chamber so constructed so that the reactants are forced into a suitably constructed reactor containing iron and/or its oxide in a semifluid bed powdered condition. Preferably, the reactor contains mixtures of the metals and/or oxides taken from the class of iron, cobalt, nickel and manganese. In a cyclic reaction, the metallic sodium is reconstituted along with continued production of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, the iron type component remaining in the reactor which as a consequence of the reagents and conditions is cyclically oxidized to oxides of iron type elements and reduced to finely divided iron and/or mixtures of iron, cobalt, nickel and manganese.

Abstract: This invention relates to free-radical, non-silver, photosensitive films, particularly those suitable for optical development as described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,510,300. The invention comprises the incorporation of compounds which contain an imine (--C.dbd.N--) function and a hydroxyl group into otherwise known photosensitive compositions to improve optical development and to retard dark fogging so as to thereby provide aging stability to such compositions. Preferably, an additional improvement comprises provision of an overcoat for the photosensitive composition of this invention when in the form of thin films on a support such as a polyester or a paper sheet or glass plate. The overcoat acts to improve the shelf life and photosensitometric properties of the photosensitive composition.

Abstract: A process for upgrading polyesters derived from aromatic dicarboxylic acids which comprises reaction of the polyester material (both virgin and scrap) in an aprotic polar solvent with any of the following:A. diisocyanates represented by the general formula R(NCO).sub.2 with difunctional reagents in which the functionality is selected from --OH, --NH and/or --COOH; and,B. isocyanate terminated polymers alone or with the above difunctional reagents.The invention also includes stabilization of the products obtained from the above, with organic phosphites.The polyester products, whether or not stabilized, are found to be upgraded with respect to both molecular weight and processability as compared with the starting material and are readily recoverable in powder form which is most desirable for subsequent use.

Abstract: A colored image in a polymer binder is obtained by polymerization of a mixture comprising (1) at least one polymerizable monomer, (2) a halogen containing activator (free radical source), (3) a binder, and (4) at least one normally bleachable dye, dissolved in such mixture; the polymerization being accomplished by imagewise exposure of said composition to a suitable dose of radiation, and is accompanied by fixing of the dye to the photopolymer. As a consequence, the dyes lose their bleaching characteristic and when the exposed areas are developed with a strong acid such as one which would normally bleach the dye, the dye is bleached from only the unexposed areas. If the developer also includes an aliphatic alcohol, the unexposed areas may be removed, leaving a relief image with color in the raised portions.

Abstract: Triamino pyridine compounds, and their precursors, are described from which polymers exhibiting excellent thermal stability are prepared by reaction with selected di-, tri- or tetra-functional acid derivatives.

Abstract: A composition suitable as a negative working photoresist composition comprising an N-vinyl compound such as N-vinyl carbazole, an organic halogen compound which is a source of free radicals, and as a binder, a maleic acid anhydride modified rosin. The resist composition is deposited on a suitable support and is exposed to a pattern of radiation in the usual way. A negative image is obtained by development with an alkaline liquid.

Abstract: This invention provides photosensitive compositions based on leuco dye and dye bases and which exhibit improved sensitivity and improved resistance to dark fogging as a consequence of the incorporation of organic bis-sulfide or sulfinyl ester compounds into photosensitive compositions comprising at least one leuco dye and at least one styryl, cyanine or merocyanine dye base. Preferably an additional improvement comprises provision of an overcoat for the photosensitive composition of this invention when in the form of thin films on a support such as a polyester or a paper sheet or glass plate. The overcoat acts to improve the shelf life and photosensitometric properties of the photosensitive composition.

Abstract: This invention relates to free-radical, non-silver,photosensitive films, particularly those suitable for optical development as described in United States Patent 3,510,300. The invention comprises the incorporation of metal di-substituted dithiocarbamates and dithiophosphinates into otherwise known photosensitive compositions to inhibit fog formation and to provide aging stability to such compositions. Preferably, an additional improvement comprises provision of an overcoat for the photosensitive composition of this invention when in the form of thin films on a support such as a polyester of a paper sheet or glass plate. The overcoat acts to improve the shelf life and photosensitometric properties of the photosensitive composition.

Abstract: Combustion products, especially those from electric power generating installations burning high sulfur fuels are treated to remove solids and then to separate physically sulfur containing constituents, such as SO.sub.2 and/or SO.sub.3 from other gases in the combustion products mixture by means of an ultra high speed gas centrifuge or a gas cyclone. The recovered oxides of sulfur in a heated condition are utilized in any desired chemical reaction. For example, they may be passed over dry NaCl and reacted therewith to yield sodium sulfate and chlorine, both of which can be recovered, and/or they may be passed directly over suitable catalysts in the presence of air to produce a pure grade of sulfur trioxide which can be absorbed in water to manufacture concentrated sulfuric acid.

Abstract: This application describes a photosensitive composition which prints out directly as a black or near neutral image when exposed photographically and which has a greatly improved speed.