Abstract: An optical strain gage incorporates an optical waveguide or fiber that includes a sensing section with a fiber Bragg grating, which serves for detecting a strain in a strainable member on which the strain gage is mounted. At locations displaced away from the fiber Bragg grating section, on both sides thereof, the optical waveguide is covered by two fastening elements, which secure the optical waveguide in a force-transmitting manner on the strainable member or a bottom support. Between the two fastening elements, a relatively soft elastic fixing material surrounds the optical waveguide and fixes the fiber Bragg grating section on the strainable member or bottom support in a form-fitting and force-isolating manner.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical strain gauge (1) using a glass fibre as a strain sensor. The strain gauge comprises a glass fibre comprising a sheath. The sheath has the following composition: a mixture of polyether ether ketone and an admixture of at least 10 weight percent and a maximum of 40 weight percent of an inorganic filler, with a particle size of between 0.08 [mu]m and 12 [mu]m. The outer diameter of the sheath is between 0.2 mm and 1.2 mm. The ratio D/d between the outer diameter D of the sheath and the diameter d of the glass fibre is between 2 and 6. A pressure of the sheath on the glass fibre is such that essentially no relative movement can occur between the glass fibre and the sheath.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical strain gauge using a glass fiber (1) comprising a Bragg grating (2). The glass fiber is coated with a sheath (3) of polyether ether ketone with an admixture of at least 10 weight percent and a maximum of 40 weight percent of an inorganic filler, with a particle size of between 0.08 ?m and 12 ?m. The outer diameter of the sheath (3) is between 0.2 mm and 1.2 mm. The ratio D/d between the outer diameter D of the sheath (3) and the diameter d of the glass fiber (1) is between 2 and 6. A pressure of the sheath (3) on the glass fiber (1) is such that essentially no relative movement can occur between the glass fiber (1) and the sheath (3).

Abstract: A strain gage rosette for internal stress measurement on workpieces according to the bore hole method has at least three pairs of diametrically opposed measuring grids all at an equal radial spacing and in different directions radially about a centering mark. The two measuring grids of each diametrically opposed pair are circuit-connected or coupled with one another such that the measurement signals thereof are averaged.

Abstract: The invention relates to a torque sensor, which consists of two disc-shaped fastening flanges (1, 2) that lie parallel opposite one another, and that are connected with one another by a radially inner moment or torque transmission element (3). In that regard, one fastening flange (2) is embodied as a measuring flange, which comprises several recesses (5, 5?) on a coaxial encircling area between its outer fastening ring surface (10) and the torque transmission element (3), and shear force transducers (20) are applied on the outer- (19) or base surfaces (15) of the recesses. The invention is characterized in that the recesses (5, 5?) are formed by at least three measuring pockets, which are separated from one another by at least three radial stiffening webs (6).

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for the weight-dependent filling of containers, especially bottles (3), which comprise a tubular neck section (7) and which consists of a fill nozzle (8), a weighing device (5) and a holding element (6) for holding the container (3) under the fill nozzle (8). In that regard the weighing device (5) includes a force uptake element (14), a force introduction element (15) and a deformation body (17, 18) that is arranged therebetween and that is provided with strain gages (24) applied thereon. In that regard, the force uptake element (14) is secured on a machine frame (2) and the holding element (6) is secured on the force introduction element (15). The invention is characterized in that the force uptake element (14) is embodied as an outwardly lying ring element (14) and the force introduction element is embodied as a coaxially inwardly lying ring element (15), between which at least one radially spring-elastic connecting web (17, 18) is arranged as the deformation body.

Abstract: The invention relates to a load cell, preferably for an aseptic platform scale, which is embodied rod-shaped and consists of a force input element (1) and a force output element (2) and a force measuring element arranged axially therebetween. In that regard, the force measuring element comprises a bending beam (3), of which the internally located measuring spring parts (12) with the strain gage strips applied thereon are hermetically tightly enclosed by welded metal parts (4, 5, 6), and the force F to be measured is introducible perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis (9). The invention is characterized in that the force input element (1), the force measuring element (3) and the force output element (2) are embodied substantially rotationally symmetrical and rounded-off along a longitudinal axis (9), and that the force measuring element consists of a flexurally stiff pipe sleeve (4) with the bending beam (3) arranged therein.

Abstract: In a method of evaluating measured values for recognizing defect conditions due to material fatigue on aircraft parts, strain sensors (6) are applied on the critical locations of an aircraft (1) and measured values of outputs of the strain sensors are detected at different loading conditions, amplified and stored through several measuring circuits. An evaluating apparatus (9) derives, signals or indicates a material fatigue by comparison of current measured values with previous measured values. The critical aircraft parts (1) are impinged on with prescribed loading conditions by loading elements (3). The strain effect caused thereby is detected by measuring circuits. The evaluating apparatus (9) forms, for at least each loading condition and each measuring circuit, an allocated reference value and a permissible limit value range. If current measured values exceed the limit value range, this represents a material fatigue manifestation.

Abstract: An optical strain gage (1) for multi-axis strain measurement includes at least two linear light waveguide sections (2, 3, 4) with Bragg gratings (5). These are arranged next to one another in a prescribed angle (19) of 90° or 45° on a support layer (6) and are supplied with lightwaves by a common infeeding waveguide section (7). All of the light waveguide sections(2, 3, 4, 7) are provided preferably linearly on the support layer (6), and a beam dispersion element (8) is arranged between the infeeding waveguide section (7) and the measuring waveguide sections (2, 3, 4) containing the Bragg grating (5).

Abstract: In an apparatus for determining loads on fiber composite components (1), especially of vehicle and aircraft parts, strain gages (3) are integrated in the components (1) for determining strains. The strain gages (3) are connected with an evaluating apparatus (4), for monitoring and determining loads that tend to cause damage. The strain gages (3) are preferably integrated into the fiber composite component (1) such that the measuring grids (5) thereof are laid between individual fiber layers (2) and are guided out of the component (1) ready for connection via special connecting pins (8) to the associated evaluating apparatus (4) via loose cable connections (12).

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for the determination of loadings on fiber composite components (1), especially of vehicle and aircraft parts, whereby the components (1) are provided with a prescribed number of sensor elements (3), for the determination of strains. The sensor elements (3) are connected with an evaluating apparatus (4), which is especially embodied for the monitoring and also for the determination of loadings that tend to cause damage. The apparatus is characterized in that the sensor elements are embodied as strain gages (3). In that regard, the strain gages (3) are preferably integrated into the fiber composite component (1) in such a manner so that the measuring grids (5) thereof are laid between the individual fiber layers (2) and are guided out of the fiber composite component (1) ready for connection via special connecting pins (8).

Abstract: The invention relates to a measuring sensor with a deformation body (7) on which at least one strain gage (2) is applied. In that regard, the strain gage (2) is hermetically sealed against external environmental influences by at least one thin deep drawn metallic sheet metal part (4). This hermetic sealing sheet metal part (4) is preferably embodied bowl-shaped and consists of a high-strength hardenable corrosion-resistant spring steel of the maraging type with 7.8 weight % nickel, 13 weight % chromium, 1 weight % molybdenum, 0.2 weight % silicon, 0.3 weight % manganese, 0.25 weight % beryllium, 0.2 weight % titanium as well as the remainder iron, which surprisingly comprises only a small hysteresis and has at least equally good creep characteristics as the stainless martensitic spring steels of the deformation body (7).

Abstract: The invention relates to a transducer (4) and a method for determining measuring values and for exchanging data between an evaluation device and the transducer which are connected by at least two connecting lines (2B, 2A; 11, 12). Data which is predetermined by the evaluation device is read-out of the data memory and/or rewritten into the same via at least two connecting lines (2A, 2B; 12) which have the same electrical potential in the measuring operation. The data memory is embodied as a data memory module (5) and contains a current limitation circuit (2) by which the system can be switched from the measuring mode to a communication mode for data transfer. The lines (2A, 2B; 11, 12) are thus provided for switching into the communication mode and for exchanging data during the measuring operation, and for feeding the transducer (4) and/or for detecting measuring values.

Abstract: A measuring pick-up or load cell shall be made less sensitive against off-center load applications, if necessary. At least it must be made certain that the off-center load sensitivity is within a permissible tolerance range. For this purpose the sensor body (1A, 1', SB) of the detector (1) to which there is applied at least one pick-up element or strain gage (5), is held for each load application in a different fixed position in a mounting (2) in such a way that, spaced from the clamping position a test load can be applied in a direction deviating from the direction and/or position of the axis of symmetry (CA, AS) of the sensor body (1A, 1', SB). The test loads may be uniform or they may differ for one or more load application points. A respective output signal is measured and correlated to the applied test load. At least one additional test load of the same size is applied in a different load application direction, and the respective output signal is again measured and correlated to the second test load.

Abstract: A rod-shaped weighing cell (1) for a vertical compression load sensing having spherically formed and/or plane load application end surfaces (2, 3) has in the center areas (19) or recesses (19) or a cross-bore (4) to which strain gages (9) are attached. The crossbore, or areas, or recesses or is closed at both ends or covered with a metallic cover (7, 8) the edges of which are sealed e.g. welded to the weighing cell body 1A). One cover disk (7) is provided with a screw connector (10) for a lead-through of a cable (11) which is connectable to the strain gages (9). The cover disk is just large enough to enclose and seal the strain gages without enclosing or encircling the entire load cell body.

Abstract: A measuring pick-up or detector shall be made less sensitive against off-center load applications if necessary. At least it must be made certain that the off-center load sensitivity is within a permissible tolerance range. For this purpose the sensor body (1A, 1', SB) of the detector (1) to which there is applied at least one pick-up element or strain gage (5), is held for each load application in a different fixed position in a mounting (2) in such a way that, spaced from the clamping position a test load can be applied in a direction deviating from the direction and/or position of the axis of symmetry (CA, AS) of the sensor body (1A, 1', SB). A respective output signal is measured and correlated to the applied test load. At least one additional test load of the same size is applied in a different load application direction, and the respective output signal is again measured and correlated to the second test load.

Abstract: A strain gage includes, in stacked order, a backing film (1), a measuring resistor grid (2), and a cover (16) including a first layer (6) of an insulating material and a second layer (7) of a metallic material. At least the metallic second layer (7) of the cover is a metallic foil having a size or extension in the plane of the cover that is smaller than or equal to the size or extension of the backing film (1). The strain gage is simple to manufacture in a continuous strip or large sheet process, and is relatively insensitive to the effects of moisture or changes in humidity.

Abstract: The rotation of a rocker pin about the longitudinal pin axis in a rocker pin load cell is limited by a collar (7) directly connected to a pin end and having spaced stop surfaces (11, 12; 11', 12') cooperating with a stop stud (8) mounted in a socket (4 or 3) in which the pin end with its collar (7) is held. The long axis of the stop stud extends in parallel to the pin axis in its normal vertically aligned position.

Abstract: A foil strain gage or a transducer or load cell with such a strain gage has a backing to which a resistor grid is bonded, made of polyaryletherketone and preferably also a cover of polyaryletherketone.

Abstract: A distance or position detecting device has a movable member forming a measuring ruler and a detector in the form of a primary coil and a plurality of secondary coils forming together a stationary member. The measuring ruler is movable coaxially inside a hollow core of the primary coil. The measuring ruler is made of a plurality of sections alternating with one another along the length of the ruler, whereby these sections have different discernible characteristics, for example, magnetic characteristics and nonmagnetic characteristics. The individual ruler sections are assembled along the length of the ruler in such a manner that a respective limited number of neighboring ruler sections are arranged in an encoded form so that the encoding provides an absolute position indication. Such a structure is simple and hence cost effective in any of its operational states. An accurate and absolute position indication is thus possible.