Abstract: The present invention discloses a recombinant adenovirus vector of a replication-defective human adenovirus (HAdv85C5) or a bovine adenovirus (BAdv85C5) comprising a recombinant adenovirus vector having a heterologous DNA segment encoding mycobacterial Ag85B-p25 epitope (SEQ ID NO: 1), mycobacterial Ag85B-p25 epitope fusion of autophagy-inducing peptide-C5 (SEQ ID NO: 2), or a substantially homologous functional fragment thereof. The vector, having a heterologous DNA segment of SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, or a substantially homologous functional fragment thereof, is an effective vaccine for therapeutically or prophylactically immunizing a subject for protection of infections by various microorganisms, especially Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), which causes the widespread tuberculosis. Methods of uses and pharmaceutical composition matters are within the scope of this disclosure.

Abstract: Modified hydrophilic carbon clusters (HCCs), poly(ethylene glycol)-hydrophilic carbon clusters (PEG-HCCs) and similarly structured materials like graphene quantum dots (GQDs), PEGylated GQDs, small molecule antioxidants, and PEGylated small molecule antioxidants. These materials have been modified with an iron chelating moiety, deferoxamine, or a similar chelating moiety. By exploiting common binding sites, the carbon nanostructure facilitates intracellular transport including in mitochondria, reduces oxidative breakdown of the chelator moiety prior to treatment, and reduces both the cause and consequences of metal induced oxidative stress within the body thus providing a novel form of therapy for a range of oxidative and metal-related toxicities. Graphenic materials can be used for the treatment of acute and chronic mitochondrial electron transport chain dysfunction.