Abstract: In a magnetic recording medium including a substrate (1) having a principal surface on which first and second magnetic layers (5 and 7) and a spacer layer (6) are at least formed, each of the first and the second magnetic layers being of a ferromagnetic material, the spacer layer being formed between the first and the second magnetic layers for inducing antiferromagnetic exchange interaction between the first and the second magnetic layers, the principal surface of the substrate is provided with concentric textures to have a predetermined surface roughness so that the spacer layer has a uniform thickness. The first magnetic layer is for controlling the antiferromagnetic exchange interaction.

Abstract: A magnetic disk 10 has a disk substrate 1 and an exchange coupling film 5 which is formed thereon and which has a first magnetic layer 5a, a second magnetic layer 5c, and a spacer layer 5b interposed between the first and the second magnetic layers 5a and 5c. The spacer layer 5b has a surface roughness Ra not greater than the thickness of the spacer layer 5b, where Ra is representative of a center-line-mean roughness.

Abstract: In a magnetic recording medium including a glass substrate (1) having a principal surface on which at least a magnetic layer (4) is formed, the magnetic recording medium has a coercive force of 2500 oersted or more in a circumferential direction thereof. The principal surface of the glass substrate is provided with a texture having a predetermined surface roughness so that the magnetic layer is given circumferential magnetic anisotropy. The magnetic recording medium further includes a magnetic anisotropy inducing layer (2) formed between the glass substrate and the magnetic layer so that the magnetic recording medium has an oriented ratio (OR) of 1.1 or more. The oriented ratio (OR) is defined as a ratio of a magnetic characteristic in circumferential direction to another magnetic characteristic in the radial direction.

Abstract: In a magnetic recording medium which includes a base body (1-4), first and second magnetic layers (5 and 7), each being of a ferromagnetic material, and a spacer layer (6) formed between the first and the second magnetic layers for inducing antiferromagnetic exchange interaction between the first and the second magnetic layers, the second magnetic layer located farther from the base body than the first magnetic layer includes a primary layer (72) and a secondary layer (71) located nearer to the base body than the primary layer. The primary layer has a primary anisotropic magnetic field while the secondary layer has a secondary anisotropic magnetic field which is smaller than the primary anisotropic magnetic field. The first magnetic layer is for controlling the antiferromagnetic exchange interaction.