Abstract: The invention relates to a method for investigating process streams comprising five or more different hydrocarbon-containing components. In the method at least one process flow line (35) is in operative connection with an online IR spectrometer (2) and an online gas chromatograph (1). The process stream passed through the process stream conduit (35) is subjected to an online characterization which comprises measurements both with the online IR spectrometer and with an online gas chromatograph. The spectral data and the chromatography data are mathematically related to one another by suitable statistical models, thus allowing training of a model used for evaluating the analytical data and for characterizing the process streams. The method according to the invention is characterized by short measurement times in the range of seconds and milliseconds and a high accuracy.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of catalytic process characterization which comprises a reaction system having two or more reaction strands in a parallel arrangement, wherein an individual reaction strand comprises multiple series-connected reaction chambers or a single reaction chamber. In the method, which is also referred to as CPC method, each reaction strand is supplied with a reactant stream. The reactant streams supplied to the reaction strands are subjected to different numbers of process stages in the different reaction strands. The product streams discharged from the reaction strands are subjected to an analytical characterization, wherein the data achieved in the characterization are expressed in relative terms, here preferably including the forming of a difference. The CPC method can be used in a very versatile manner and is characterized by very high accuracy. The mass balance achieves a standard deviation of +/?10% by weight or lower.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method are used for investigating the naphtha reforming process in catalyst test devices with reactors arranged in parallel. The apparatus has a plurality of reactors arranged in parallel with reaction chambers (R1, R2, . . . ), a product fluid supply, a process control, and at least one analysis unit. Each individual reactor has an outlet line for the product fluid stream, wherein the analysis unit is operatively connected to each outlet line for the product fluid stream and the apparatus is functionally connected to the control of the apparatus. In carrying out the method, naphtha-containing reactant fluid streams are brought into contact with catalysts in the individual reactors and the product fluid streams are subsequently supplied to the online analysis unit from the respective outlet lines of the individual reactors and analyzed. Using the evaluation of the online analytical characterization data, the process parameters of the respective reactor unit are adapted.

Abstract: The invention relates to a flow element for transferring fluids comprising a capillary cartridge (1) having an integrated capillary line (3). The capillary cartridge according to the invention (1) has a ring-shaped channel (8) and securing grooves (6, 6?), wherein the flow element is characterized in that the capillary line (3) is arranged in the ring-shaped channel (8). The ends of the capillary lines (3) are connected to connection elements (9) in which securing grooves (6, 6?) are secured in a positive locking manner. The flow elements according to the invention contribute toward improved manageability and effectiveness of components. In a preferred embodiment, the flow elements are used as a distribution system in the form of a plurality of capillary cartridges (1-1, 1-2, . . . ). Such distribution systems are of technical importance in the field of catalyst testing apparatuses with reactors arranged in parallel.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an apparatus and a method for catalytic conversion of chemical substances in the presence of pulverulent catalysts in a trickle bed reactor with residence times in the range of 0.1-10 seconds, wherein the apparatus includes a trickle bed reactor (2), the inlet side of which is functionally connected to a catalyst reservoir vessel (1) and a reactant feed, and the outlet side of which is functionally connected to a separator (3). The separator (3) has an exit conduit for leading off product stream, wherein the apparatus has the characteristic feature that the exit conduit disposed on the separator (3) for leading off product stream has a continuously acting valve connected via a controller to a pressure measurement sensor, wherein the continuously acting valve and the pressure measurement sensor form a pressure control circuit with a controller.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for spraying liquids and producing very fine mist with the apparatus, the apparatus including: a needle injector that includes a capillary line (1) and an outer tube (8); a liquid supply (5); and a gas supply (4), where: the capillary line (1) is arranged in the interior space of the outer tube (2); the internal diameter of the capillary line in the needle injector is in the range of 2-1000 ?m; the capillary line is in active communication with a gas supply (4); and the outer tube (2) is in active communication with a liquid supply (5).

Abstract: An apparatus suitable for investigating solid catalysts and processes in which discontinuous fluid streams arise, the apparatus including: a reactant fluid supply point; a reaction space; at least one fluid mixing space; at least one throttle element; at least one pressure control valve; and at least one analyzer. An outlet side of the reaction space is operatively connected to the fluid mixing space via a connecting line and a substream line. The fluid mixing space is connected to the throttle element. The throttle element is operatively connected to the analyzer and an outlet line. The connecting line is operatively connected to the pressure control valve and an exit air line. The pressure control valve is arranged either downstream or upstream of the substream line. When the pressure control valve is upstream of the substream line, the outlet line is provided with a second pressure control valve and a pump.

Abstract: The invention relates to a flow element for transferring fluids comprising a capillary cartridge (1) having an integrated capillary line (3). The capillary cartridge according to the invention (1) has a ring-shaped channel (8) and securing grooves (6, 6?), wherein the flow element is characterized in that the capillary line (3) is arranged in the ring-shaped channel (8). The ends of the capillary lines (3) are connected to connection elements (9) in which securing grooves (6, 6?) are secured in a positive locking manner. The flow elements according to the invention contribute toward improved manageability and effectiveness of components. In a preferred embodiment, the flow elements are used as a distribution system in the form of a plurality of capillary cartridges (1-1, 1-2, . . . ). Such distribution systems are of technical importance in the field of catalyst testing apparatuses with reactors arranged in parallel.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus and a process for spraying liquids and producing very fine mist, where the apparatus comprises a needle injector, a liquid supply (5) and a gas supply (4). The needle injector comprises at least one capillary line (1) and at least one outer tube (8), where the capillary line (1) is arranged in the interior space of the outer tube (2) and the internal diameter of the capillary line in the needle injector is in the range of 2-1000 ?m, preferably in the range of 4-300 ?m, more preferably in the range of 5-250 ?m. The capillary line is in active communication with a gas supply (4) and the outer tube (2) is in active communication with a liquid supply (5). A spray mist which comprises the liquid in the form of very finely dispersed droplets of 10-20 ?m and has a low flow velocity is produced by means of the process of the invention. The properties of the spray mist can be controlled very well via the configuration of the apparatus and the experimental parameters.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method are used for investigating the naphtha reforming process in catalyst test devices with reactors arranged in parallel. The apparatus has a plurality of reactors arranged in parallel with reaction chambers (R1, R2, . . . ), a product fluid supply, a process control, and at least one analysis unit. Each individual reactor has an outlet line for the product fluid stream, wherein the analysis unit is operatively connected to each outlet line for the product fluid stream and the apparatus is functionally connected to the control of the apparatus. In carrying out the method, naphtha-containing reactant fluid streams are brought into contact with catalysts in the individual reactors and the product fluid streams are subsequently supplied to the online analysis unit from the respective outlet lines of the individual reactors and analyzed. Using the evaluation of the online analytical characterization data, the process parameters of the respective reactor unit are adapted.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for handling product fluid streams which are obtained in the catalytic hydrogenation of liquid feeds in laboratory catalysis apparatuses. The liquid feeds are preferably hydrocarbons comprising sulfur- and nitrogen-comprising compounds as impurities. The hydrogenation serves to convert the impurities into hydrogen sulfide and ammonia which in this form can be readily separated off from the other constituents of the liquid feed. The product fluid streams are contacted with an inert gas stream, with the flow rate of the inert gas being a multiple of the flow rate of the product fluid stream. The formation of deposits in lines of the region on the outlet side of the reaction space can be effectively prevented by means of the process of the invention.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus and a method for investigating solid catalysts and processes in which discontinuous fluid streams arise. The apparatus according to the invention which is preferably configured for parallel investigation of a plurality of catalysts comprises at least one reaction space, wherein every reaction space has one or more fluid mixing spaces connected downstream of it. The outlet line of the fluid mixing space or else the outlet line of a sequence of fluid mixing spaces is operatively connected to a throttle element (11), wherein the throttle element (11) is operatively connected to an analyzer and an outlet line and the outlet line comprises a control means.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalysis apparatus for testing catalysts with variable process pressure adjustment over a pressure range from 0.01 millibar to 300 bar. The apparatus preferably has a plurality of reaction chambers (101, 102, . . . ) arranged in parallel, the reaction chamber outlet-side lines (211, 212, . . . ) of which are divided into two groups of sub-lines. One group of main lines (411, 412, . . . ) is operatively connected to a regulating valve (61), which is common to all of the main lines, and to an exhaust-air line (62), and the second group of secondary lines (311, 312, 313, . . . ) and switching valves (321, 322, . . . ) is operatively connected to an analysis unit (34). It is preferable for reaction chamber outlet-side lines (201, 202, . . . ) to be equipped in each case with a separate line for regulating fluid supply (211, 212, . . . ). In a preferred embodiment, the connecting points of the reaction chamber outlet-side lines (201, 202, . . .